肺结核不仅靠飞沫传播，跟它也有关！

肺结核不仅靠飞沫传播，跟它也有关！
2017/3/24 丁香园

     说起「痨病」，估计大家都不陌生：鲁迅小说《药》中，华老栓为治好儿子华小栓的痨病，听信偏方，去刑场弄人血馒头。

     而鲁迅先生本人也患有肺结核，其长期大量吸烟，44 岁时便出现咳嗽、咯痰等症状。

     今天，3 月 24 日，是世界结核病预防日。

     结核病是由结核分枝杆菌引起的严重危害人类健康的慢性传染病。WHO 报告，2010 年全球新发结核病例 880 万。

     我国是世界上仅次于印度的结核病高负担国家之一，每年新发结核患者约 130 万^[1]，每年因结核病死亡 5.4 万人^{3. 吸烟可以增加肺结核的死亡风险

     多项大型研究均证实，吸烟可增加因结核病死亡的风险。研究显示，有吸烟史者因结核病死亡的风险为不吸烟者的 4.5 倍^{欢迎投稿，原创 1000 元 / 篇!



     本文作者：刘欣莹中国疾控中心控烟办

     责任编辑：shamouer

     图片来源：网络

     参考文献：

     [1] 中华人民共和国中央人民政府. 卫生部召开新闻发布会介绍全国肺结核疫情现状 [EB/OL]. http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2011-03/21/content_1828718.htm. 2011-1-6

     [2] World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis control 2011. Geneva: WHO, 2011.

     [3] Farber E. Cell Proliferation as a Major Risk Factor for Cancer: A Concept of Doubtful Validity[J]. Cancer Research, 1995, 55(17):3759-3762.

     [4] Hussain H, Akhtar S, Nanan D. Prevalence of and risk factors associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in prisoners, North West Frontier Province, Pakistan[J]. International Journal of Epidemiology, 2003, 32(5):794-799.

     [5] Chiang C Y, Slama K, Enarson D A. Associations between tobacco and tuberculosis.[J]. International Journal of Tuberculosis & Lung Disease, 2007, 11(3):258-262.

     [6] Heidel R. Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General.[J]. Us Department of Health & Human Services Public Health Service Cdc, 1989.

     [7] World Health Organization. Tuberculosis & tobacco. Factsheet. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2009.

     [8] Den B S, Verver S, Marais B J, et al. Association between passive smoking and infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in children.[J]. Pediatrics, 2007, 119(4):734.

     [9] 刘琨, 孙健, 陈洪光, 等. 吸烟对肺结核患者细胞免疫的影响 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2001, 17(8):721-721.

     [10] Gajalakshmi V, Peto R, Kanaka T S, et al. Smoking and mortality from tuberculosis and other diseases in India: retrospective study of 43000 adult male deaths and 35000 controls.[J]. Lancet, 2003, 362(9383):507-515.

     [11] Basu S, Stuckler D, Bitton A, et al. Projected effects of tobacco smoking on worldwide tuberculosis control: mathematical modelling analysis[J]. Bmj, 2011, 343(7826):733-733.

     [12] 谭守勇, 梁敏青, 林兆源, 等. 吸烟对肺结核的疗效影响 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2005, 21(21):2368-2370.

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