食管癌的危险因素及分子机制：组织学亚型间的差异
2016/2/2 创新医学网

     Risk factors and molecular mechanisms of esophagealcancer: differences between the histologic subtypes

     The two major histologic subtypes of esophageal cancer have different riskfactors as well as different molecular mechanisms. In this review, thedifferences in risk factors and genetic/epigenetic alterations betweenesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC)will be discussed. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are risk factorsfor ESCC, while gastroesophageal reflux, cigarette smoking, and obesity are themain EAC risk factors. Commonly mutated genes of both subtypes are TP53 andPIK3CA. Recent genome-wide analysis revealed that the activation of the RAC1pathway may contribute to EAC tumorigenesis. Clustered abnormality incopy number was observed in several genes in ESCC, whereas a few genes were specifically altered at highfrequency in EAC. Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, histonemodifications, and altered expression of microRNAs, have been revealed toinfluence carcinogenesis and progression of both ESCC and EAC.

     Key words: Epigenetic alterations,esophageal cancer, genetic alterations, risk factors

     食管鳞癌和腺癌有着不同的危险因素和分子机制。本篇综述从两者发病的危险因素以及遗传/表观遗传方面改变的差异进行探讨。吸烟和饮酒是食管鳞癌的危险因素，而胃食管反流，吸烟，肥胖为食管腺癌主要的危险因素。两种亚型常见的突变基因均为TP53和PIK3CA。最近的全基因组分析表明，Rac1信号通路的激活可能会导致食管腺癌的发生。在食管鳞癌中发现，许多基因的拷贝数均呈富集性异常，但是在食管腺癌中，鲜有基因能高频率得发生特异性改变。研究已经表明：如DNA甲基化，组蛋白修饰及microRNA表达等表观遗传学改变能够影响食管鳞癌和食管腺癌的发生及发展。

    

     关键词：表观遗传学改变，食管癌，遗传改变，危险因素

     How to cite:

     Watanabe M. Riskfactors and molecular mechanisms of esophageal cancer: differences between thehistologic subtypes. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2015;1: 1-7.

     Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment期刊编辑部

     邮箱：editorialoffice@jcmtjournal.com;

     jcmteditor@gmail.com

     网址：http://www.jcmtjournal.com

    

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