张兰被曝海外欠债9.8亿，纽约豪宅被执行（附判决书全文）
2023/3/21 19:06:53 数据法盟

    

     俏江南创始人张兰近日被曝在国外欠债金额巨大，其名下的豪宅也被执行了，此事迅速引起网友热议。

     据上海证券报3月19日报道，近日，有媒体报道称，美国联邦地区法院公布了La Dolce Vita Fine Dining Company Limited(甜蜜生活美食有限公司)与张兰的民事诉讼裁决书，判决张兰及其公司名下所有的纽约西53街20号，39A公寓出售所得归甜蜜生活美食有限公司所有。而甜蜜生活美食有限公司实际上是CVC为了收购俏江南成立的，判决书还透露张兰在2019年与CVC的诉讼中败诉，共欠对方1.42亿美元(约合人民币9.8亿元)及其利息。对此，张兰在直播间回应粉丝的刷屏提问称，欠债是被资本算计，“是cvc基金欠我的，我没欠任何人。”

     而除了获取出手纽约公寓的资金，CVC为追讨欠款还盯上了张兰的家族信托。

     2022年11月2日，新加坡高等法院法官认定，张兰是信托所在银行账户资产的实际所有人，因此同意了CVC提出的任命接管人的申请。也就是说，家族信托财产被认定为是张兰的个人财产，因此张兰的债权人CVC可以申请对这笔资金采取相应的执行措施。

     所谓家族信托，根据《关于规范信托公司信托业务分类有关事项的通知(征求意见稿)》，是指信托公司接受单一自然人委托，或者接受单一自然人及其亲属共同委托，以家庭财富的保护、传承和管理为主要信托目的，提供财产规划、风险隔离、资产配置、子女教育、家族治理、公益(慈善)事业等定制化事务管理和金融服务。家族信托实收信托应当不低于1000万元。受益人应当为委托人或者其亲属，以及慈善信托或者慈善组织，但委托人不得为唯一受益人。

     一直以来，家族信托的重要优势在于，委托人可以借助信托资产的独立性来隔离风险，因此可以避免委托人由于企业经营风险、婚姻风险等出现的家族财产分割问题。家族信托也因其风险隔离功能而备受高净值客户群体青睐。

     家族信托一直以其风险隔离和财产的独立性受到超高净值人群的认可。令人好奇的是，为何张兰的离岸家族信托未能发挥“风险隔离”功能？境外家族信托为什么被击穿？境内家族信托是否也存在被击穿的可能？家族信托用于资产保护究竟靠不靠谱？根据新加坡高等法院的判决书，法官认定张兰为家族信托项下资金的实际权利人，主要基于以下理由：

     第一，在家族信托成立之后，张兰仍可自由地从银行账户为自己转账。第二，在接到中国香港冻结令通知和新加坡冻结令之前，张兰急于转出家族信托项下资金。

     判决书采用了“apparent unfettered operation”一词。具体来看，第一个证据是2014年9月和2015年2月，张兰未明示原因，直接要求瑞士信贷银行两次分别转移300万美元；第二个证据是德意志银行账户于2014年11月26日有一笔资金转出，最终被追溯到用于购买上述在纽约的公寓。

     第三，张兰的代理人在向家族信托项下资金所在银行发送的邮件中明确提到，家族信托项下有关银行账户为张兰所有，并要求“被及时告知账户资产的变化"。

    

     据此，新加坡高等法院认为，虽然有关资金在家族信托名下，但张兰为该等资金的实际权利人，张兰设立该家族信托的目的在于规避债权人对其名下财产的执行或索赔。

     众多业内资深人士表示，家族信托是一种很好的财富管理工具，但不能对其过度“神话”，只有在符合法律背景的情况下设立的家族信托，才能实现信托目的，真正实现资产的风险隔离和财富的传承。

    

    (上图：判决书首页截图)

     以下是张兰案判决书全文，供大家学习研究参考：

     United States District Court, S.D. New York.March 3, 2023.

     JUDGMENTLEWIS A. KAPLAN, District Judge.

     WHEREAS:a. Petitioners La Dolce Vita Fine Dining Company Limited and La Dolce Vita Fine Dining Group Holdings Limited (collectively, "Petitioners") filed a petition in a related attachment proceeding before this Court, La Dolce Vita Fine Dining Company et al. v. Zhang Lan et al., 20 Misc. 200 (ALC) ("Metro Joy" or the "Metro Joy Proceeding"), under New York CPLR § 7502(c) and applicable provisions of Article 62, as incorporated in Fed. R. Civ. P. 64 (the "Attachment Petition," Metro Joy ECF No. 15), for an ex parte order of attachment as against respondents Zhang Lan ("Zhang"), Grand Lan Holdings Group (BVI) Limited ("Grand Lan Holdings"), Qiao Jiang Lan Development Limited f/k/a South Beauty Development Limited ("Qiao Jiang Lan") and Metro Joy International LLC ("Metro Joy") (collectively, "Respondents") and in aid of two related arbitrations then pending before the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission ("CIETAC") in Beijing entitled, respectively, La Dolce Vita Fine Dining Company Limited v. Zhang Lan, Grand Lan Holdings Group (BVI) Limited and Qiao Jiang Lan Development Limited f/k/a South Beauty Development Limited, Case No. S20150473, and La Dolce Vita Fine Dining Group Holdings Limited v. Zhang Lan and Grand Lan Holdings Group (BVI) Limited, Case No. S20150474 (the "Arbitrations").

     b. In the Arbitrations, Petitioners, in April 2019, obtained two arbitration awards against Zhang, Grand Lan Holdings and Qiao Jiang Lan, jointly and severally, in the combined amount of $142,463,666.28, plus interest (the "Arbitral Awards").

     c. By separate but substantively identical decisions dated, respectively, December 29 and December 31, 2020 and issued in early February 2021, the Second China International Commercial Court ("CICC") affirmed the Arbitral Awards on appeal, dismissing the application by Zhang, Grand Lan Holdings and Qiao Jiang Lan to set aside the Awards. The CICC's decisions upholding the Arbitral Awards are final and not subject to appeal.

     d. By ex parte Order of Attachment entered on May 8, 2020 in the Metro Joy Proceeding (Metro Joy ECF No. 30, the "Attachment Order"), the court granted the Attachment Petition, attaching a condominium apartment at 20 West 53rd Street, Apartment 39A, New York, New York 10019 (the "Apartment"). In accordance with the Attachment Order, Petitioners thereafter posted a $150,000 bond with the Court as security.

     e. By Order dated July 13, 2020 (Metro Joy, ECF No. 40), the court in the Metro Joy Proceeding confirmed the Attachment Order.

     f. In November 2020, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas ("Deutsche Bank") commenced a proceeding in the Supreme Court of New York, County of New York, No. 850187/2020, to foreclose on a mortgage secured by the Apartment (the "Foreclosure Action").

     g. On April 9, 2021, Petitioners commenced this action by Petition (the "Petition") seeking, among other things, to confirm the Arbitral Awards under the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (the "New York Convention"), recognized in the Federal Arbitration Act at 9 U.S.C. §§ 201-208; and (ii) the entry of a judgment against Zhang in an amount equal to and capped by the proceeds from a sale of the Apartment, net of transaction costs, taxes and the sum of all liens on the Apartment filed by creditors of Metro Joy, including that of Deutsche Bank (the "Surplus Sale Proceeds").

     h. On March 15, 2022, the court in the Metro Joy Proceeding entered an amended attachment order permitting Deutsche Bank to proceed with an auction sale of the Apartment in the Foreclosure Action and attaching any Surplus Sale Proceeds (the "Amended Attachment Order," Metro Joy ECF No. 67).

     i. On April 20, 2022, the court in the Foreclosure Action entered an Amended Judgment of Foreclosure and Sale that, among other things, directs a Referee to conduct a public auction of the Apartment and distribute the sale proceeds of the sale (the "Foreclosure Judgment").

     j. A public auction of the Apartment has been scheduled for April 5, 2023, while Petitioners, as authorized by the Court in Deutsche Bank's foreclosure action, have retained a broker who is seeking to sell the Apartment privately.

     k. On April 20, 2022, Magistrate Judge Willis issued a Report & Recommendation (the "R&R," ECF No. 45) recommending that the Petition be granted.

     l. Zhang filed an Objection to the R&R on May 4, 2022 (ECF Nos. 46-47-2), and Petitioners filed an opposition to the Objection on May 16, 2022 (ECF Nos. 48, 49).

     m. By Memorandum Opinion dated February 10, 2023 (ECF No. 51), this Court overruled Zhang's Objection and granted the Petition, finding that Zhang has an interest in the Apartment sufficient to support the Court's quasi-in-rem jurisdiction to grant the relief requested in the Petition and confirming the Arbitral Awards under the New York Convention.

     NOW, THEREFORE, it is hereby adjudged as follows:1. The Arbitral Awards are hereby confirmed under the New York Convention.

     2. Petitioners shall have the right under this Judgment to execute on all Surplus Sale Proceeds from the sale of the Apartment, whether the sale is done privately or at the public auction scheduled for April 5, 2023. All Surplus Sale Proceeds shall accordingly be paid to Petitioners in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Foreclosure Judgment, or any amendment thereto, for the Referee's distribution of all proceeds from the sale of the Apartment.

     3. If and when they have received any Surplus Sale Proceeds, Petitioners shall promptly file a satisfaction of judgment with the Court that will bar further efforts to enforce this Judgment. Neither this Judgment nor the satisfaction of this Judgment shall have any effect on or in any way preclude Petitioners' efforts to enforce the unpaid amount of the Arbitral Awards by instituting or continuing any other enforcement proceeding in this Court or any other court.

     4. Upon being presented with a satisfaction of judgment required under paragraph 3 of this Judgment, the Clerk of the Court shall return to Petitioners the $150,000 bond posted as security for the Attachment Order by delivering to Petitioners' counsel of record, Katsky Korins LLP, a check in that amount payable to Katsky Korins LLP or by wiring the funds in accordance with wire instructions provided by Katsky Korins LLP.

     5. The Court shall retain jurisdiction over this action to resolve all disputes, if any, that arise from or relate to this Judgment.SO ADJUDGED.

     来源：《国际法务》整理自SG Courts、上海证券报等

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