同行社 ︳事实与观点/Fact vs. Opinion
2022/4/17 11:04:54 性健康研究与教育

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     Fact vs. Opinion事实与观点 来源：www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/difference-between-fact-and-opinion/译者：

     刘通，哈尔滨医科大学性健康研究与教育中心硕士研究生(2019级) Facts and opinions are different kinds of concepts people can hold about the world. The words are much easier to understand than to explain.事实和观点是人们可以持有的关于世界的不同观念。这两个词语理解起来比解释起来容易得多。 ‘Fact’ comes from the Latin word ‘factum’, which means ‘deed’, or something that was done. This meaning can still be found in English today in phrases such as “after the fact”. However, most of the time, it most often means something that is true, and can be proven true. It is most likely true that the person reading this is a human being, so it is most likely a fact that the reader is human.“事实”一词来源于拉丁语“factum”，意为“行为”，或是做过的一些事情。这个意思在今天英语短语中仍可以看见，比如“事实之后/犯罪之后”。然而，大多数时候，它通常意味着某事是真的，并且可以被证明是真的。正如，正在阅读的很可能是人类，因此，更可能的事实是：读者是人。 ‘Opinion’, on the other hand, comes from the Latin word ‘opinio’, which has a number of meanings. While it does mean ‘opinion’, it can also refer to something imagined, a conjecture, an expectation, a belief, a report, a rumor, and so on. In English, it means a belief someone has which cannot be proven true because it is false, does not have enough evidence supporting it, or just a preference.另一方面，“观点”来自拉丁语“opinio”，具有多种含义。尽管它确实表示“观点”，但它也可以指的是想象中的东西，比如推测，期望，信念，报告，谣言等。在英语中，它可能意味着某人的一种没有得以证实的信念，因为它是假的，没有足够的证据来支持，或者仅仅是一种偏好而已。

    

     For example, if someone believes that cats are better than dogs, then that is an opinion because there is not really a way to prove that they are. It is just a preference for one over the other. Some people believe that aliens or supernatural creatures exist. This is an opinion, since there is not enough concrete evidence to make an informed judgement.例如，如果某人相信猫比狗更好，那这就是一个观点，因为不见得有方法能证明这一点。这只不过是偏好倾向于其中的一个。有些人会认为外星人或超自然生物是存在的，这是一种观点，因为没有足够的具体证据来做出明智的判断。 So, in essence, a fact is true and an opinion is a belief or preference that cannot be proven true.That is the biggest problem with explaining the meanings of the words: what is truth?

     所以，从本质上而言，事实是真的，而观点是一种信念或者一种不可能被证实的偏好。解释这些词语含义的最大问题在于：什么是真相？ Before 2006, it was considered a fact that there were nine planets in the solar system. It was what everyone was taught and everyone believed, except for a small minority. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union created a new classification for planets. Pluto was no longer considered a planet. After 2006, it was a fact that there were eight planets in the solar system, and anyone who said there were nine was just exercising an opinion. And yet, before the reclassification, the same things that disqualified Pluto from being a planet were still true.在2006年之前，太阳系中有九大行星，这被认为是事实。除了少数人之外，这是每个人都被教授过，并且每个人都相信的事。在2006年，国际天文学联合会为行星创建了新的分类。冥王星不再被认为是行星。2006年以后，事实是太阳系中有八个行星，任何说有九个行星的人都只是在发表观点。然而，在重新分类之前，冥王星不适合作为行星的事情仍然是真实的。

    

     This situation raises an interesting question: if enough people believe that something is true, then does that make it truth in some way? That falls solidly into the realm of philosophy, since people argue about whether truth is always objective or can be subjective, or even whether reality itself is subjective or objective.这种情况产生了一个有趣的问题：如果很多人认为某件事是真实的，那会不会以某种方式使其成为事实呢？这完全属于哲学范畴的议题，因为人们一直在争论的是，真理始终是客观的，还是可以是主观的；甚至现实本身是主观的，还是客观的。 Whether or not truth is subjective, facts certainly can be. As demonstrated above, if people are told that something is true and they have no reason to believe otherwise, then they will believe it to be a fact. However, if someone believes that the other person is wrong, then they will believe that the other person’s fact is just an opinion.不论真相是不是主观的，事实当然可以是主观的。如上所示，如果人们被告知某件事是真实的，并且他们没有理由相信其他事情，那么他们就会相信这件事就是事实。然而，如果有人认为别人说的是不对的，那么他们就会认为别人所以为的事实只是一种观点。 Given the nature of fact and how it relates to truth, it is a good idea to find a more precise definition of fact. The strictest definition – an objective truth that cannot be changed regardless of what people believe – does not fit common use. The definition that fits common use would most likely be something that the majority of people, or authorities in the area, believe is true, provided that there is evidence to back it up.考虑到事实的本质以及它与真相的关系，找到一个更精确的关于事实的定义是一个好的想法。最严格的定义— 无论人们怎样认为，客观事实是不能改变的 — 但这个定义不适合普遍使用。适合普遍使用的定义是，该地区的大多数人或权威机构都相信这是真实的，前提是有证据支持。

    

     The difference between a fact and an opinion,then, would be how much evidence there is supporting it, as well as the strength of the evidence behind it. The problem then is that whether people accept evidence is up to what their opinion is on that evidence.事实和观点之间的区别就在于有多少证据支持它，以及它背后的证据力度如何。随之而来的问题是，人们是否接受证据，取决于他们对于证据的观点。 Regardless, while the definitions do take a turn into philosophy, the simplest and most common definition is that facts are accepted as true when backed up by strong evidence and that opinions cannot be proven to be facts.无论如何，尽管这些定义的确变成了哲学的意味，但最简单和最常见的定义是：在有力的证据支持下，事实被认为是真实的，而观点却不能被证明是事实。

    

     【后记：事实，观点，性教育】 by 刘通

     有识之士都在提倡要对青少年进行性教育，道理并不复杂。通过性教育，可以使青少年不仅获得性知识，建立健康的性态度、稳定的性情感以及良好的性适应，更能让青少年的人格成长和人生幸福获得助力。但是，也有观点认为没有必要进行性教育，不少人认为：随着孩子年龄的增长，自然而然的就会懂得啦，没有必要进行性教育。

     前者作为一种观点已被得以广泛认同，这是基于循证的视角提出来的，是符合客观实际的；后者的一个常见依据是：“我爹妈从未给我性教育，我也娶了媳妇，生了娃。”这似乎是生完了娃，为人父母的使命也就终结了。

     有一个经典的故事，说的是生养孩子的事。问放羊人：“放羊干什么？”，放羊人回答：“放羊卖钱。”；问：“卖钱干什么？”，答：“娶老婆。”；问：“娶老婆干什么？”，答：“生孩子。”；问：“生孩子干什么？”，答：“孩子放羊……”不否认，放羊也是一种人生；或许，也会有滋有味。但归其根本，这是把人视为动物本能使然的存在。可是，人存在于人类社会中，所要度过的并非如同放羊般的日子。

     性教育是使人成为人的教育，是获得亲密、关爱、支持、尊严和幸福的不二选择。否定和诋毁性教育而招致的恶果早已被人间的诸多事情所证实，而一些为人父母者为何仍执迷不悟，且顽固不化呢？或许正是源于自己从未接受过性教育，才有了对性教育的负性认知!

     【注】：图片来自网络，由RECSH整理编辑，版权为所属者所有。

    

    

    

    

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