【本周推荐】医学杂志封面这么设计，是要逆天啊！
2015/7/12 健康报
来源：健康报微信传播矩阵-文化与健康(jkb_whyjk)
这一次，我们可能又要为岛国人民偌大的脑洞颤抖了。日本杂志《Genes to Cells》(《基因到细胞》)的封面设计，每一次都将生物科技与日本传统的浮世绘、习俗或老物件联姻，让人耳目一新。这样用科学和艺术理解世界的方式，光是看看都觉得棒棒哒!
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透过拱形的木桥远眺富士山，桥身倒映在水面上，组成完整的圆环，似一壮观的双螺旋景象。
(Overlooking Mount Fuji in the distance through the arching wooden bridge, reflected on the water surface, forming complete circles to resemble a pair of spectacles or a “double helix.”)
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有丝分裂末期，两组分开的染色体被描绘成在纺锤体两极惬意偎睡的猫咪。
(Two sets of segregated chromatids during telophase are depicted as cats cuddled up comfortably beside spindle poles.)
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细胞分裂与融合的图案和日本传统吉祥图案松树与竹子被当做族徽设计在多层银漆食奁上。
(A designed family emblem of cell division blends well with traditional Japanese patterns of auspicious omens motifs as pine and bamboo, on the artwork of tiered food boxes in silver lacquer.)
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大相扑横纲，助“手”拉平围裙上的绳索。系好围裙的同时，还要用“霍利迪”结状结构从一个旧的垂直绳上制造出一个新的水平绳来。
(Grand Sumo showing a YOKOZUNA or grand champion and “hands” of supporters are pulling the horizontal rope of the kesho-mawashi. They want to tie the kesho-mawashi, but simultaneously, they are making a new horizontal rope from an older vertical rope, using Holliday junction-like structure.)
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一个平安时代的美貌女子被狗拉着从竹帘后向外窥看，比喻DNase I 足迹法试验。)DNase I足迹试验是一种鉴别RNA聚合酶等蛋白质在DNA上结合位点的方法，它不仅能找到与特异性DNA结合的目标蛋白，而且能告知目标蛋白结合在哪些碱基部位。
(A beautiful woman of the Heian period is pulled by a dog and peeks out from behind a bamboo blind, which is likened to experimental data of DNase I footprint.)
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日本九州，一个中国风格的节日舞龙场景。龙被比喻为一个信使核糖核酸(mRNA)，表达了与DNA模板的转录关系。)门前飘扬着双螺旋旗幡，舞龙的木杆与双螺旋结构中的信息一一对应，龙从庙中出来，应照旗帜，从头到尾进行转录(transcription)，“龙”即是信使RNA(mRNA)，以DNA为模板合成转录本。
(A scene from a Chinese-inspired vigorous dragon dance in a festival in Kyushu, Japan. The dragon is likened to a messenger RNA (mRNA), expressing transcription with DNA template.)
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东北及周边双向交通的重要性。石砌的街道，看上去像微管。牛拉着车左行，信使右行，表达了真核细胞中马达蛋白载运物质的过程。注：注：马达蛋白，是依赖于细胞骨架蛋白，通过水解ATP或GTP，将化学能转变为机械能的一类蛋白。
(Importance of bidirectional transportation between TOHOKU and surrounding districts. The “Kaido” expressed as a stone-pave street is designed to look like microtubules. Carts going left and pulled by bulls and messengers going right are expressions of motor proteins with cargos in eukaryote cells.)
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灵感来自于外观上的相似性，KOKESHI被描绘成中期染色体的外形，成双成对。可以看到每对KOKESHI设计相同，脖颈(着丝粒)上连系着绳线。注：KOKESHI是日本流行的民间传统手工艺旋木制品。
(Being inspired by the similarity in the appearance, KOKESHIs are portrayed as metaphase chromosomes, which pair KOKESHIs. It deserves attention that each pair of KOKESHI is designed the same and tied with a thread at their necks (kinetochores) each other.)
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显然，这个大而望名的神社，看起来像出云大社。白色的锯齿状纸幡，如亮氨酸拉链式转录因子被藏在一个巨大的神绳(右旋双螺旋结构)之中。纸幡可能绑定在特定的双链DNA序列，像神绳表达的一样。Izumo-Taisha 出云大社，位于岛根县出云市。占地27000平方米，是日本最古老的神社之一，也是日本唯一被冠“大社”之名的神社。
(A huge and prestigious shrine that looks like Izumo-Taisha shrine at a glance. White zigzag paper streamers like a leucine zipper-type transcription factor are tucked in a giant sacred rope (dextrorotatory double-helix). The paper streamers probably bind to specific sequences of dsDNA expressed as a sacred rope.)
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收获时节。日本警卫剑剑首上的金属浮雕，描绘有稻穗和停落其上的蝴蝶。定睛细看，他们是缠绕着核小体的DNA。
(Harvest time. Toreutics on a guard of a Japanese sword has a design of ears of rice and a butterfly landing on them. No, they actually are DNA winding around nucleosome.)
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这不是闪电，而是雷公在神经网络中制造的动作电位。雷神一旦刺激神经细胞，神经冲动便通过局部电流沿膜传播。动作电位(AP)是可兴奋组织或细胞受到阈上刺激时,在静息电位基础上发生的快速、可逆转、可传播的细胞膜两侧的电变化。
(The Thunder God is generating the action potential, which is not lightning, in a neural network. )
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高等动物的神经细胞有髓鞘覆盖，动作电位传导(跳跃传导)可以从一个郎飞结快速传导到下一个郎飞结，跳跃传导来势迅猛，有如神助。郎飞结(Nodes of Ranvier)：神经元轴突包覆的髓鞘并不连续，相邻两段髓鞘间没有髓鞘的轴突部分称作郎飞结。
(Since nerves of higher animals have myelin sheaths, an action potential is propagated rapidly (phenomenon called a saltatory conduction) like the swift wind. The wind god is likened to an action potential that conduct bounces to be propagated.)
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富士山前，一个熟练的工匠正在修复一个破碎的木桶，切除损坏的基片，换入新的基片。借喻DNA修复过程中碱基对间氢键的恢复。碱基互补配对时，鸟嘌呤与胞嘧啶间形成三个氢键，腺嘌呤与胸腺嘧啶间形成两个氢键。
(Set against the backdrop of Mt. Fuji, a skilled craftsman is fixing a broken wooden barrel by excising damaged bases and then introducing new ones. We liken this to the process of DNA repair thereby recovering hydrogen bonds between each pair of bases.)
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一个渔民在悬崖上拉网，在天庭的一束光亮之下，昼夜的节律似乎同了步。部分原核生物和大部分的真核生物都具有昼夜节律这一生物特征，包括人类在内，昼夜节律机制控制着生命体的多种分子和生理活动。对人类和哺乳动物而言，昼夜节律控制着很多生命活动，如，睡眠生物钟，体温循环系统，内分泌系统，以及基因的活性等等。了解昼夜节律的机制有助我们了解更多的生命活动的调节过程。
(A fisherman on a cliff is pulling nets as if synchronizing circadian rhythms with the help of light shining down from the sky.)
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一个女人戴着花笠(一种传统的用花卉装饰的帽子)正在表演日本古典舞蹈。帽子上的饰物隐喻缝隙连接，其中一些被打开，允许小分子通过。神经元之间的一种连接方式。
(A woman with a hanagasa (a traditional hat decorated with ornamental flowers) is performing a Japanese classical dance. The ornaments on the hat actually are gap junctions, and some of them are opened and allowing small molecules to pass through.)
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被分开的瀑布让人联想到的细胞谱系中的线虫从受精卵到孵出的幼虫的过程。
(Branched waterfalls are reminiscent of the cell lineage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans from a zygote to a newly hatched larva.)
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这个月的主题是“翻译”。DNA中的信息首先被转录成mRNA，再进一步转换成链式氨基酸。这个转换过程被称为翻译，一个终止密码子标志着每个mRNA分子中的翻译结束。在图中，一个虚构的翻译者正在用汉字“止”和一枚琥珀(象征一种终止密码子，昵称UAG。)将信札密封以完成翻译。封印文字是：翻译。
(The theme of this month is “translation”. The information in DNA is first transcribed into mRNA, which is further converted into a chain of amino acids. This conversion process is called translation and a stop codon marks the end of translation in each mRNA molecule. In the illustration, a fictitious translator on completion of his translation seals the letter with a Chinese character “stop” and amber (which is a nickname for UAG, one of the stop codons). The face of the seal depicts letters of “translation”.)
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纤毛在生命中扮演各种各样的角色，真核细胞纤毛的波动处于一个良好的平衡状态。本月封面呈现呼吸道上皮细胞纤毛运动，它宛如日本秋天里一种叫Susuki glass的植物。从基体(灰色)突出来的基脚(红色)的方向被定义为纤毛摆动的方向。在图片中，向右的波产生着电流，右下侧一个杯状细胞分泌着粘液，月亮与鹅也安排在这画面中，以唤起对日本秋天的联想。
(Cilia of eukaryotic cells undulate in a well-balanced motion and play a variety of roles essential to life. The cover art for this month's issue presents movements of ciliated cells of respiratory epithelium in an analogy to Susuki glasses, a feature of autumn in Japan. The cilia beat in a given direction is defiend by the direction of basal feet (red) that protrude from basal bodies (gray). In the picture, waves to the right are generating a current. There is a goblet cell that secretes mucus, slightly right of the center on the near side of the picture. The moon and geese are also arranged in the picture so as to evoke another feature of autumn in Japan.)
(文字内容由文化与健康编辑整理；图片源自日本分子生物学会)
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