打开世界的正确方式是什么？
2019/8/13 0:01:40 凭海观潮
凭海观潮 长按关注
以道德代替真知，代替规则，代替法治，千百年来我们就一直在一锅粥似的道德酱缸里迷迷糊糊浑水摸鱼。
作者：童大焕 来源：大焕人生能量守恒
1
由于缺乏逻辑思维、科学思辩能力，中国人普遍习惯于用道德视角看问题。
但由于边界模糊，道德视角往往会一团乱麻：左认为道德的事情，右认为很不道德；今天认为道德的事情，明天认为很不道德。
黄仁宇说：以道德代替法治，是中国两千年来一切问题的症结。
以道德代替真知，代替规则，代替法治，千百年来我们就一直在一锅粥似的道德酱缸里迷迷糊糊浑水摸鱼。
道德家们为什么解决不了问题？因为缺乏经济学视角。经济学视角才是删繁就简、直击本质、正确认识世界的捷径!
2
1919年五四运动以来，重男轻女、三从四德被作为封建道德和思想糟粕加以批判。但如果你用20分钟听了两节谢作诗先生的网络经济学课，也许认识问题的深度会瞬间改观。
经济学讲究的是约束条件。农业时代，生活资料匮乏，劳动力宝贵，女性隔两年要停下劳作，生一个孩子，而且医疗条件有限，每次都像进鬼门关，随时有可能身亡。这便是重男轻女的由来。
三从四德，是中国古代到解放前妇女应有的品德，三从是未嫁从父、既嫁从夫、夫死从子，四德指妇德、妇言、妇容、妇功(品德、辞令、仪态、女红)。为什么要这样？因为那个时代，既没有避孕措施，也没有DNA检验技术，农业时代的人类活动空间又非常狭小，如果孩子的父亲搞不清楚，后代近亲繁殖，就会严重影响种族的健康繁衍。
蒙昧时期的人类确实存在乱交、近亲交配繁殖，但是随着人口数量增加，这个现象就开始少了。而且他们自己也发现近亲繁殖的后代都不咋地，不是更易死就是质量不高，所以也自觉避免近亲繁殖。再后来，就发展到伦理道德层面了。
而母体怀孕，母亲肯定十分确定，但要确定谁是父亲，就没那么容易了。
于是需要通过一些办法来约束母亲的行为和活动空间。道德律令、贞节牌坊是一方面，女红、小脚限制女性的活动空间也是一方面。中国古代妇女以小脚为“美”，欧洲妇女以穿高跟鞋为美。和中国古人的三从四德相比，欧洲用的是贞操裤，非洲用的是割礼，哪个更文明？
从经济学视角看，今天的人们认为很不道德的东西，也许恰恰是古人非常高明的智慧。
再比如灾荒时期的卖妻卖子，古人叫“典妻”，有条件时还可以赎回来。陈志武先生认为这就是古代金融。我们今天很多人认为它不道德，但在资源匮乏的农业时代，这难道不是极高的生存智慧吗？一家人一起饿死更道德，还是通过这一制度(“民间习俗”)让全家人得以保存更道德？
今天，三从四德、重男轻女、卖妻卖女现象越来越少甚至于几近绝迹了，并不是因为今天的人们道德水平比过去提高了，而是技术进步了，生产力发展了，人类基本上已经全面走出匮乏的农业时代了。这个时候，情感的因素才能够逐渐占上风。不是古人无情，而是条件不允许。
3
当我们学会用经济学约束条件的视角看世界，就不会用今天的道德标准苛责古人，也不会抱残守缺，守着古代历史条件下的道德标准食古不化。
比如贫富差距问题。在资源匮乏的农业时代，是生死攸关的问题，是“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨”的问题。一些人的富裕，同时意味着另一些人随时有可能饿死，则，贫富差距的问题，理所应当成为社会首要关注的问题。
但是今天，人类已经走出匮乏的农业时代，民间救助体系和社会保障体系也逐渐覆盖最低收入阶层，保障他们起码的生存和尊严。在这种时代，如果再抱着农业时代对贫富差距的道德标准来要求富人和社会，同样会制造巨大的人类灾难。
因为人类整体越过温饱层、进入更高层以后，贫富差距越拉越大，就不再是道德问题，而是社会的常态。这时，眼里只盯着贫富差距的道德家们，都只会把社会带进万劫不复的深渊。概而言之，贫富差距大，不一定是好社会；但好社会，一定贫富差距十分巨大!因为社会发展进步和竞争，讲究的就是效率；而有利于社会的高效者胜出，不利于社会的低效者败退，正是贫富差距不断拉大的过程。
为什么真正有真知良智的学者不应该一再去挑动贫富差距的社会情绪？因为任何权力——政治权力、经济权力、思想和文化权力，都不应该掌握在德不配位的人手上，否则都是祸害。具体到财富这一块，一旦社会整体越过了温饱线，那么，财富到有能力的人手里，它将用于创造，全面系统地整体上提升人类福利；到没能力的人手里，它只能用来消费、挥霍。诚如林则徐对联：“子孙若如我，留财做什么？贤而多财，则损其志；子孙不如我，留钱做什么？愚而多财，益增其过。”
而世间一切权力(政治的，经济的，思想和文化的)，都只能通过自由竞争，通过优胜劣汰，通过全社会每一个个体用脚投票(城市兴衰)、用钱投票(企业和服务兴衰)得来；如果不鼓励这种竞争，那就最后一定是由政治权力分配，由民粹以民主之名分配，一定是劣币驱逐良币。导致整体发展效率的降低，进而“共同贫穷”，整个社会、整艘船一起沉没。
4
其实，即使在匮乏的农业时代，削弱贫富差距都不具备天然的道德正确性，反而是人类进步和生存的致命掣肘!不论是中国还是欧洲的长子继承制，都是反平均主义的高级人类生存智慧，是几千年人类文明的重要结晶。
道是无情却有情。
20世纪的一波乌托邦平均主义思潮，给人类带来巨大灾难，思想的遗毒，至今流传。
1947年，印度废除了土地的长子继承制，导致土地碎片化，并直接导致了50年后，一旦遇到灾荒，农场主的自杀率大幅度提高。
削弱贫富差距，表面上是爱，本质上，点点滴滴全是害。
50. All you can do is to try your best. Even with those small steps, you're closer to your goal than you were yesterday. 我们能做的只是拼尽全力，即使迈出的步子再小，也比昨天要更接近自己的目标。51. A smile is the shortest distance between two people. 微笑是人与人之间最短的距离。52. Do or do not. There is no try. 要么做，要么滚!没有试试看这一说。53. Courage is being afraid but going on anyhow. 勇气就是虽感恐惧，但仍会前行。54. A man can be destroyed but not defeated. 人可以被毁灭，但不可以被打败。55. A truly happy person is one who can enjoy the scenery while on a detour. 真正快乐的人是那种在走弯路时也不忘享受风景的人。56. No dream is too big, and no dreamer is too small. 梦想再大也不嫌大，追梦的人再小也不嫌小。57. It doesn't matter how many times you fail. What matters is how many times you stand up and try again. 失败多少次不重要，重要的是你能重新站起来多少次，并且继续前行。58. Silence is the most powerful cry. 沉默是最有力的呐喊。《美丽人生》 59. A little consideration, a little thought for others makes all the difference. 一点点体贴，一点点为他人着想，会让一切都不一样。60. Stop waiting for things to happen.Go out and make them happen. 别指望事情会自然发生，行动起来，让它们变成可能!61. Don't look forward to tomorrow, don't miss yesterday, to grasp today. 不憧憬明天，不留念昨天，只把握今天。62. Now we don't call it alive. It's just not to die. 我们现在不叫活着，这只是没有死去。《疯狂原始人》 63. You can change your life if you want to. Sometimes you have to be hard on yourself, but you can change it completely. 有志者事竟成。有时虽劳其筋骨，但命运可以彻底改变。《唐顿庄园》 64. Time will bring a surprise, if you believe. 时间会带来惊喜，如果你相信的话。《浮生物语》 65. What others think is not important . How you feel about yourself is all that matters. 别人怎么想并不重要，你怎么看自己才是关键。66. Don't cry because it is over,smile because it happened. 不要因为结束而哭泣，微笑吧，因为你曾经拥有。67. Tomorrow is never clear. Our time is here. 明天是未知的，我们还是享受此刻吧!《摇滚夏令营》 68. Life is either a daring adventure or nothing at all. 生活要么大胆尝试，要么什么都不是。69. Pursue excellence and success will follow. 追求卓越，成功自然来。《三傻大闹宝莱坞》 70. Climb mountains not so the world can see you, but so you can see the world. 爬上山顶并不是为了让全世界看到你，而是让你看到整个世界。71. Every step towards your dream today is a step away from your regret tomorrow. 今日为梦想所付出的每一份努力都会减少明日的一份后悔。72. It's never too late to be what you might have been. 勇敢做自己，永远都不迟。(乔治·艾略特) 73. It's time to start living the life you've imagined. 是时候开始过自己想要的生活了!95. How can men succumb to force? 男人怎么能屈服于“武力”之下？《海贼王》 96. Life is like live TV show. There is no rehearsal. 人生没有彩排，只有现场直播。97. Dress shabbily and they remember the dress; dress impeccably and they remember the woman. 穿着破旧，人们记住衣服；穿着无瑕，人们则记住衣服里的女人。(Coco Chanel) 98. Hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things. And no good thing ever dies. 希望是一件好事，也许是人间至善，而美好的事永不消逝。《肖申克的救赎》 99. There are so many beautiful reasons to be happy. 有太多太多美好的理由让你笑对生活。100. Where the more different you are, the better. 你们之间越是不同，越好。(Glee) 101. I'm only brave when I have to be. Being brave doesn't mean you go looking for trouble. 我只在必要时才勇敢，勇敢并不代表你要到处闯祸。《狮子王》 102. Behind every successful man there's a lot of unsuccessful years. 每个牛B的成功者都经历过苦B的岁月。(鲍博.布朗) 103. If you want something done, do it yourself. 靠谁都不如靠自己。《第五元素》 104. Life is a wonderful journey. Make it your journey and not someone else's. 生命是一段精彩旅程，要活的有自己的样子，而不是别人的影子。105. No matter how many mistakes you make or how slowly you progress, you are already ahead of those who never tried. 无论你犯了多少错，或者进步得有多慢，你都走在了那些不曾尝试的人的前面。106. Some things are so important that they force us to overcome our fears. 总有些更重要的事情，赋予我们打败恐惧的勇气。107. Say to yourself: "No matter how many obstacles I encounter in life, I will do all that I can to complete the whole course." 请对自己说：无论生活之路上会遇到多少障碍，我会竭尽所能地跑完这一程。108. No cross, no crown. 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。109. Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. 与其努力成功，不如努力成为有价值的人。(爱因斯坦) 110. Remember when life's path is steep to keep your mind even. 记住：当人生很苦逼的时候，你要保持淡定。111. If you're brave enough to say GOODBYE, life will reward you with a new HELLO. 只要你勇敢地说出再见，生活一定会给你一个新的开始。112. Sometimes the right path is not the easiest one. 对的那条路，往往不是最好走的。113. Just trust yourself, then you will know how to live. 只要相信自己，你就会懂得如何去生活。114. In life it's not where you go. It's who you travel with. 生命中，重要的不是你去哪里，而是与谁同行。115. Life is like a rainbow. You don't always know what's on the other side, but you know it's there. 生活像一道彩虹，你不知道另一端通向哪里，但你会知道，它总是在那里。116. When the world says,"Give up!"Hope whispers,"Try it one more time." 当全世界都在说“放弃”的时候，希望却在耳边轻轻地说：“再试一次吧”!117. I don't care about other questions and I just try to be myself. 我不在乎别人的质疑，我只会做好自己。118. Attempt doesn't necessarily bring success, but giving up definitely leads to failure. 努力不一定成功，但放弃一定失败!119. The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. 对明天最好的准备就是今天做到最好。120. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart. 你已经一无所有，没有什么道理不顺心而为。(乔布斯) 121. Life is a journey, one that is much better traveled with a companion by our side. 人生是一场旅程，我们最好结伴同行。122. Sometimes you have to fall before you can fly. 有时候，你得先跌下去，才能飞起来。123. If you are able to appreciate beauty in the ordinary, your life will be more vibrant. 如果你擅于欣赏平凡中的美好，你的生活会更加多姿多彩。124. Be who you are, and never ever apologize for that! 坚持做自己，并永远不要为此而后悔!125. Consider the bad times as down payment for the good times. Hang in there. 把苦日子当做好日子的首付，坚持就是胜利!126. Do not pray for easy lives, pray to be stronger. 与其祈求生活平淡点，还不如祈求自己强大点。127. Everybody can fly without wings when they hold on to their dreams. 坚持自己的梦想，即使没有翅膀也能飞翔。128. There is no such thing as a great talent without great will power. 没有伟大的意志力，便没有雄才大略。129. You can't change your situation. The only thing that you can change is how you choose to deal with it. 境遇难以改变，你能改变的唯有面对它时的态度。130. Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的事，就值得做好。131. Perfection is not just about control.It's also about letting go. 完美不仅在于控制，也在于释放。《黑天鹅》 132. Dream is what makes you happy, even when you are just trying. 梦想就是一种让你感到坚持就是幸福的东西。133. Never frown,because you never know who is falling in love with your smile. 别愁眉不展，因为你不知道谁会爱上你的笑容。134. It's easy once you know how. 一旦你明白，就会很简单。135. In order to be irreplaceable, one must always be different. 要做到不可替代，就要与众不同。136. I honestly think it is better to be a failure at something you love than to be a success at something you hate. 宁愿失败地做你爱做的事情，也不要成功地做你恨做的事情。(George Burns) 137. Don't hide. Run! You'll make it to tomorrow. 别躲避，奔跑吧，你就会找到明天。138. Life comes with many challenges.The ones that should not scare us are the ones we can take on and take control of. 生活充满了挑战，唯有勇敢面对并自我掌控，我们才能克服恐惧。(安吉丽娜·朱莉) 139. Life doesn't just happen to you; you receive everything in your life based on what you've given. 一切发生在你身上的都不是碰巧。你获得什么，在于你付出了什么。140.You are more beautiful than you think. 你，要比你想象的更美丽。141. Throughout life's complications, you should maintain such a sense of elegance. 不管生活有多不容易，你都要守住自己的那一份优雅。142. When you feel like giving up, remember why you held on so long in the first place. 每当你想要放弃的时候，就想想是为了什么才一路坚持到现在。143. Enjoy your youth.You'll never be younger than you are at this very moment. 好好享受青春，你再也不会有哪个时刻会比此时更年轻了。144. You'd better bring, cause I'll bring every I've got it. 你最好全神贯注，因为我定会全力以赴!145. Take time to enjoy the simple things in life. 慢慢享受生活中的简单。146. As long as you are still alive, you will definitely encounter the good things in life. 只要活着就一定会遇上好事。147. Hold on, it gets better than you know. 挺住，事情会比你想像中要好!148. If you are fine,the sun will always shine. 你若安好，便是晴天。149. What doesn't kill you makes you stronger. 磨难会让你更强大。150. Every life deserves our respect. 每一个生命都应该被尊重。151. The best feeling in the world is when you know your heart is smiling. 世间最美好的感受，就是发现自己的心在笑。152. Don't ever underestimate the heart of a champion. 永远不要低估一颗冠军的心。(Rudy Tomjanovich) 153. There is nothing permanent except change. 唯一不变的是变化。154. The difference between successful persons and others is that they really act. 成功者和其他人最大的区别就是，他们真正动手去做了。155. Don't follow the crowd, let the crowd follow you. 不要随波逐流，要引领潮流。(Margaret Thatcher) 156. People pay in advance for a coffee meant for someone who cannot afford a warm beverage. 人们提前买咖啡，让付不起的人享受温暖。157. No one is born a genius.Just keep on doing what you like and that itself is a talent. 哪有什么天才!坚持做你喜欢的事情，这本身就是一种天赋。(大野智) 158. The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page. 世界是一本书，不旅行的人只读了其中一页。159. You can create something more glorious than the championship. 你可以创造比冠军更荣耀的事。160. You never get a second chance to make a first impression. 永远没有第二次机会，给人留下第一印象。161. You can always be a worse version of "him", or better version of yourself. 你不是要做一个单纯优秀的人，而是要做一个不可替代的人。162. Give every day the chance to become the most beautiful day of your life. 让每一天都有机会成为你人生中最美好的一天。163. Honesty is the best policy. 做人以诚信为本。164. To a crazy ship all winds are contrary. 对于一只漫无目标的船而言，任何方向的风都是逆风。165. The outer world you see is a reflection of your inner self. 你看到什么样的世界，你就拥有什么样的内心。166. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。167. Knowing what you cannot do is far more important than knowing what you are capable of. 知道自己不能做什么远比知道自己能做什么重要。168. People cry, not because they're weak. It's because they've been strong for too long. 哭泣，不代表脆弱，只因坚强了太久。169. Don't let yesterday use up too much of today. 别留念昨天了，把握好今天吧。(Will Rogers) 170. If you are not brave enough, no one will back you up. 你不勇敢，没人替你坚强。171. If you don't build your dream, someone will hire you to build theirs. 如果你没有梦想，那么你只能为别人的梦想打工。172. Beauty is all around, if you just open your heart to see. 只要你给自己机会，你会发现你的世界可以很美丽。173. The difference in winning and losing is most often...not quitting. 赢与输的差别通常是--不放弃。(华特·迪士尼) 174. I am ordinary yet unique. 我很平凡，但我独一无二。175. I like people who make me laugh in spite of myself. 我喜欢那些让我笑起来的人，就算是我不想笑的时候。176. Image a new story for your life and start living it. 为你的生命想一个全新剧本，并去倾情出演吧!177. I'd rather be a happy fool than a sad sage. 做个悲伤的智者，不如做个开心的傻子。178. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. 未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。(埃莉诺·罗斯福) 179. Even if you get no applause, you should accept a curtain call gracefully and appreciate your own efforts. 即使没有人为你鼓掌，也要优雅的谢幕，感谢自己的认真付出。180. Don't let dream just be your dream. 别让梦想只停留在梦里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 没有笑声的一天是浪费了的一天。(卓别林) 182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去旅行吧，见的世面多了，你会发现原来在意的那些结根本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功关键都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》 184. You can be happy no matter what. 开心一点吧，管它会怎样。185. A good plan today is better than a perfect plan tomorrow. 今天的好计划胜过明天的完美计划。186. Nothing is impossible, the word itself says 'I'm possible'! 一切皆有可能!“不可能”的意思是：“不，可能。”(奥黛丽·赫本) 187. Life isn't fair, but no matter your circumstances, you have to give it your all. 生活是不公平的，不管你的境遇如何，你只能全力以赴。188. No matter how hard it is, just keep going because you only fail when you give up. 无论多么艰难，都要继续前进，因为只有你放弃的那一刻，你才输了。189. It requires hard work to give off an appearance of effortlessness. 你必须十分努力，才能看起来毫不费力。190. Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your balance,you must keep moving. 人生就像骑单车，只有不断前进，才能保持平衡。(爱因斯坦) 191. Be thankful for what you have.You'll end up having more. 拥有一颗感恩的心，最终你会得到更多。192. Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes. 美是一种内心的感觉，并反映在你的眼睛里。(索菲亚·罗兰) 193. Friendship doubles your joys, and divides your sorrows. 朋友的作用，就是让你快乐加倍，痛苦减半。194. When you long for something sincerely, the whole world will help you. 当你真心渴望某样东西时，整个宇宙都会来帮忙。 When Paul Jobs was mustered out of the Coast Guard after World War II, he made a wager with his crewmates. They had arrived in San Francisco, where their ship was decommissioned, and Paul bet that he would find himself a wife within two weeks. He was a taut, tattooed engine mechanic, six feet tall, with a passing resemblance to James Dean. But it wasn’t his looks that got him a date with Clara Hagopian, a sweet-humored daughter of Armenian immigrants. It was the fact that he and his friends had a car, unlike the group she had originally planned to go out with that evening. Ten days later, in March 1946, Paul got engaged to Clara and won his wager. It would turn out to be a happy marriage, one that lasted until death parted them more than forty years later. Paul Reinhold Jobs had been raised on a dairy farm in Germantown, Wisconsin. Even though his father was an alcoholic and sometimes abusive, Paul ended up with a gentle and calm disposition under his leathery exterior. After dropping out of high school, he wandered through the Midwest picking up work as a mechanic until, at age nineteen, he joined the Coast Guard, even though he didn’t know how to swim. He was deployed on the USS General M. C. Meigs and spent much of the war ferrying troops to Italy for General Patton. His talent as a machinist and fireman earned him commendations, but he occasionally found himself in minor trouble and never rose above the rank of seaman. Clara was born in New Jersey, where her parents had landed after fleeing the Turks in Armenia, and they moved to the Mission District of San Francisco when she was a child. She had a secret that she rarely mentioned to anyone: She had been married before, but her husband had been killed in the war. So when she met Paul Jobs on that first date, she was primed to start a new life. Like many who lived through the war, they had experienced enough excitement that, when it was over, they desired simply to settle down, raise a family, and lead a less eventful life. They had little money, so they moved to Wisconsin and lived with Paul’s parents for a few years, then headed for Indiana, where he got a job as a machinist for International Harvester. His passion was tinkering with old cars, and he made money in his spare time buying, restoring, and selling them. Eventually he quit his day job to become a full-time used car salesman. Clara, however, loved San Francisco, and in 1952 she convinced her husband to move back there. They got an apartment in the Sunset District facing the Pacific, just south of Golden Gate Park, and he took a job working for a finance company as a “repo man,” picking the locks of cars whose owners hadn’t paid their loans and repossessing them. He also bought, repaired, and sold some of the cars, making a decent enough living in the process. There was, however, something missing in their lives. They wanted children, but Clara had suffered an ectopic pregnancy, in which the fertilized egg was implanted in a fallopian tube rather than the uterus, and she had been unable to have any. So by 1955, after nine years of marriage, they were looking to adopt a child. Like Paul Jobs, Joanne Schieble was from a rural Wisconsin family of German heritage. Her father, Arthur Schieble, had immigrated to the outskirts of Green Bay, where he and his wife owned a mink farm and dabbled successfully in various other businesses, including real estate and photoengraving. He was very strict, especially regarding his daughter’s relationships, and he had strongly disapproved of her first love, an artist who was not a Catholic. Thus it was no surprise that he threatened to cut Joanne off completely when, as a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, she fell in love with Abdulfattah “John” Jandali, a Muslim teaching assistant from Syria. Jandali was the youngest of nine children in a prominent Syrian family. His father owned oil refineries and multiple other businesses, with large holdings in Damascus and Homs, and at one point pretty much controlled the price of wheat in the region. His mother, he later said, was a “traditional Muslim woman” who was a “conservative, obedient housewife.” Like the Schieble family, the Jandalis put a premium on education. Abdulfattah was sent to a Jesuit boarding school, even though he was Muslim, and he got an undergraduate degree at the American University in Beirut before entering the University of Wisconsin to pursue a doctoral degree in political science. In the summer of 1954, Joanne went with Abdulfattah to Syria. They spent two months in Homs, where she learned from his family to cook Syrian dishes. When they returned to Wisconsin she discovered that she was pregnant. They were both twenty-three, but they decided not to get married. Her father was dying at the time, and he had threatened to disown her if she wed Abdulfattah. Nor was abortion an easy option in a small Catholic community. So in early 1955, Joanne traveled to San Francisco, where she was taken into the care of a kindly doctor who sheltered unwed mothers, delivered their babies, and quietly arranged closed adoptions. Joanne had one requirement: Her child must be adopted by college graduates. So the doctor arranged for the baby to be placed with a lawyer and his wife. But when a boy was born—on February 24, 1955—the designated couple decided that they wanted a girl and backed out. Thus it was that the boy became the son not of a lawyer but of a high school dropout with a passion for mechanics and his salt-of-the-earth wife who was working as a bookkeeper. Paul and Clara named their new baby Steven Paul Jobs. When Joanne found out that her baby had been placed with a couple who had not even graduated from high school, she refused to sign the adoption papers. The standoff lasted weeks, even after the baby had settled into the Jobs household. Eventually Joanne relented, with the stipulation that the couple promise—indeed sign a pledge—to fund a savings account to pay for the boy’s college education. There was another reason that Joanne was balky about signing the adoption papers. Her father was about to die, and she planned to marry Jandali soon after. She held out hope, she would later来源：小兵说天下
延伸阅读
1.有些数字，真的很值得思考
2.为什么现在一些有钱人都不敢做生意了？
做号不易，打赏随意
↓请点击↓
感谢每位打赏的朋友
精彩阅读
最新，保时捷帽姐终于扇掉老公职务和全部隐私!
没见过香港“棺材房”，就别说自己不幸福
女贪官为何会更下流无底线？
谁的晚年不是一场血雨腥风
http://weixin.100md.com
返回 凭海观潮 返回首页 返回百拇医药