PLoS Med:研究证实水果蔬菜可以帮助降低2型糖尿病风险
2016/7/1 3:44:02PLoS Med 世界医疗科技资讯

     根据美国哈佛大学T.H Chan公共健康学院的一项最新研究,吃素食特别是全麦,水果,蔬菜,坚果以及豆制品等高质量的素食或可大幅降低2型糖尿病患病风险。文章作者同时也是营养系的一名博士后Ambika Satija表示:"这项研究表明即使是向素食方向做出适度的饮食变化也能够在预防2型糖尿病方面发挥重要作用。这些研究结果为支持目前关于预防慢性疾病的饮食建议提供了进一步证据。"

    

     相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Plos Medicine上。

     虽然之前的一些研究已经发现了吃素食与健康状态改善之间存在关联,但这项新研究首次发现全麦,蔬菜,水果等健康素食与甜味食品以及饮料等相对不太健康的素食对健康状态具有不同影响。

     在这项研究中,研究人员对美国超过20万人进行了20多年跟踪研究,主要是通过填写一些关于饮食,生活方式,病史以及新疾病诊断的调查问卷来进行,调查问卷研究也是三项大型长期研究的一部分。研究人员通过一种植物饮食指数对参与者的饮食情况进行了评估,结果表明饮食中植物性成分比例较高的参与者其2型糖尿病发病风险降低20%,而食用健康素食的参与者其糖尿病风险能够降低34%,与之相比精制谷物,马铃薯以及含糖饮料等相对不健康饮食食用比例较高的参与者其糖尿病发病风险会升高16%

     研究还发现即使适度降低饮食中的动物成分也能够降低糖尿病的发病风险。

     文章高级作者Frank Hu教授这样说道:"改变饮食结构,增加蔬菜,水果,全麦等健康素食成分,降低动物成分能够为降低2型糖尿病风险带来实质性获益。"他们认为这种获益主要是由于植物饮食成分中富含纤维,抗氧化物质,不饱和脂肪酸以及一些微量元素,同时这些成分还有可能促进了健康肠道菌群结构的形成。

     原文阅读

     Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in US Men and Women: Results from Three Prospective Cohort Studies

     Ambika Satija , Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju, Eric B. Rimm, Donna Spiegelman, Stephanie E. Chiuve, Lea Borgi, Walter C. Willett, JoAnn E. Manson, Qi Sun, Frank B. Hu

     Methods and Findings

     We included 69,949 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2012), 90,239 women from the Nurses' Health Study 2 (1991-2011), and 40,539 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2010), free of chronic diseases at baseline. Dietary data were collected every 2-4 y using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Using these data, we created an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), where plant foods received positive scores, while animal foods (animal fats, dairy, eggs, fish/seafood, poultry/red meat, miscellaneous animal-based foods) received reverse scores. We also created a healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), where healthy plant foods (whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, vegetable oils, tea/coffee) received positive scores, while less healthy plant foods (fruit juices, sweetened beverages, refined grains, potatoes, sweets/desserts) and animal foods received reverse scores. Lastly, we created an unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) by assigning positive scores to less healthy plant foods and reverse scores to healthy plant foods and animal foods.

     We documented 16,162 incident T2D cases during 4,102,369 person-years of follow-up. In pooled multivariable-adjusted analysis, both PDI and hPDI were inversely associated with T2D (PDI: hazard ratio [HR] for extreme deciles 0.51, 95% CI 0.47-0.55, p trend < 0.001; hPDI: HR for extreme deciles 0.55, 95% CI 0.51-0.59, p trend < 0.001). The association of T2D with PDI was considerably attenuated when we additionally adjusted for body mass index (BMI) categories (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.74-0.87, p trend < 0.001), while that with hPDI remained largely unchanged (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.61-0.72, p trend < 0.001). uPDI was positively associated with T2D even after BMI adjustment (HR for extreme deciles 1.16, 95% CI 1.08-1.25, p trend < 0.001). Limitations of the study include self-reported diet assessment, with the possibility of measurement error, and the potential for residual or unmeasured confounding given the observational nature of the study design.

     Conclusions

     Our study suggests that plant-based diets, especially when rich in high-quality plant foods, are associated with substantially lower risk of developing T2D. This supports current recommendations to shift to diets rich in healthy plant foods, with lower intake of less healthy plant and animal foods.

    

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