2022-2023学年人教版英语八年级下册知识点
2022/7/14 10:09:34 考试真题那些事儿
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
一、重点短语
1. have a fever 发烧 2. have a cough 咳嗽
3. have a toothache 牙疼 4. have a sore back 背疼
5. have a sore throat 喉咙痛 6.have a cold 受凉;感冒
7. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 8.have a heart problem 有心脏病
9.have a stomachache 胃疼
10.have problems breathing 呼吸困难
11. talk too much 说得太多
12. drink enough water 喝足够的水
13. lie down and rest 躺下来休息
14. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
15. see a dentist 看牙医 16. get an X-ray 拍X 光片
17. take one’s temperature 量体温 18. feel very hot 感到很热
19. go along 沿着……走 20. go to a doctor 看医生
21. get off/on 下车/上车 22. get into trouble 造成麻烦
23. get into/out of 进入/从……出来
24. be in control (of) 掌管;管理
25.be out of control(of)失控 26. thanks to 多亏了
27. on the side of the road 在马路边
28. shout for help 大声呼救
29. put some medicine on sth. 在…上面敷药
30. all weekend 整个周末
31.put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 32. hurt oneself 受伤
33. to one’s surprise 使....... 惊讶的 34.fall down 摔倒
35. without thinking twice 没有多想 36. save a life 挽救生命
37. put her head back 把她的头向后仰
38. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖
39. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 40. used to do过去常常
41. in the same way 以同样的方式 42. sound like 听起来像
43. make a decision 做出决定 44. because of 由于
45. mountain climbing 登山运动 46. feel sick 感到恶心
47. in a difficult situation 在困境中 48. take risks 冒险
49. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事 50. give up (doing) sth. 放弃
51. run out (of) 用完;用尽 52. in time 及时 on time准时
53. right away/at once 立刻 54. so that 以便
二、重点语法
1.What’s the matter(with sb)?
怎么了？询问麻烦事或身体状况
=What’s the trouble (with sb)?
=What’s the problem (with sb)?
=What’s up?
=What’s your trouble/problem?
2.1.) have a+名词，表示某种病 have a cough咳嗽
2.)sore也可表疾病 have a sore back/throat背疼/喉咙痛
3. need有两种词性，实义动词和情态动词
实义动词：1. need sth 2. need (sb) to do 3. don’t need.....
情态动词：1. need+原型
2. Need I ....? 肯 Yes,you must. 否 No, you needn’t.
4.see sb do sth看见某人做某事(强调全过程)
see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事(强调正在发生)
5.expect sth期待某物 agree with sb同意某人
expect(sb) to do 期待做某事 agree to do同意做某事
expect+that从句 期待 agree+that从句
6.have trouble/problems in doing sth 做某事有困难
7.trouble用法:
1).be in trouble处于困境
2).get(sb) into trouble(使某人)陷入困境
8.词组辨析：used to do过去常常 be used to doing习惯于做
9.so...that+从句 如此...以至于
so that为了，目的是 引导目的状语从句(当主句主语与从句主语一致时可用in order to)
Eg: He works hard so that he can succeed=He works hard in order to succeed.
10.What’s the meaning of...?=What does...mean?
....的意思是什么？
11.反身代词：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
teach oneself,enjoy oneself,dress oneself,introduce oneself,
help oneself
12.躺：lie-lay-lain-lying 说谎：lie-lied-lied-lying
下蛋：lay-laid-laid-laying
(规则的撒谎，不规则的躺，躺过就下蛋)
Unit 2 I ’ll help to clean up the city parks.
一、重点短语
1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日 2. an old people’s home 养老院
3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难
4. used to do sth.过去常常做某事
5. care for 关心;照顾 6. the look of joy 快乐的表情
7. at the age of 在......岁时 8. clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋 10. give out 分发;散发
11. come up with 想出；提出 12. make a plan 制订计划
13. make some notices 做些公告牌 14. try out 试用;试行
15. work for 为…工作；为…. 效力
16. put up 建造;举起;张贴
17. hand out 分发;散发;发给 18. call up 打电话;召集
19. put off 推迟;延迟 20. for example 比如；例如
21. raise money 筹钱;募捐 22. take after 与......相像;像
23. give away 赠送;捐赠 24. fix up 修理;修补;解决
25. be similar to 与……相似 26. set up 建立;设立
27. disabled people 残疾人 28. make a difference 影响;有作用
29. be able to 能够
30. after-school reading program课外阅读项目
31.a feeling of satisfaction满足感 32.several hours若干小时
33.volunteer to do自愿做 34.sick kids生病的孩子
35.homeless people无家可归的人 36.be busy with sth忙于
37.disabled people残疾人 38.a trained dog一只受过训的狗
39.book lover爱书者 40.think up想出
二、重点语法
1. notice sb do sth注意到某人做过某事，notice sb doing sth注意到某人正在做某事
lonely
孤独的，寂寞的
adj.
定语，表语
有感情
alone
独自，单独
adj./adv.
状语，表语
无感情
3.satisfaction用法：
1.)satisfy v. satisfy sb 使某人满意
2.)satisfied/satisfying adj. be satisfied with对...满意
3.)satisfaction n. to one’s satisfaction令某人满意
4.owner用法：1.)the owner of...的主人 the owner of the shop
2.)one’s own+名词 my own shop
5. sick adj. 定语，表语 sickness n.
ill adj. 表语 illness n.
He is ill.=He is sick. Here is a sick dog.
5.raise 及物动词 rise 不及物动词
The sun rises. Raise your hands.
6.take after像(品质，外貌)look like像(外貌)
7.imagine+动名词/名词/代词 imagine sb doing
8.have trouble/problems/difficulty in doing做某事有困难
He has trouble in learning English.
9.形容词+ness变名词：
kind-kindness，ill-illness,sick- sickness, sad-sadness, happy-happiness,busy-business,fair-fairness
10.句型辨析：
It is clever/smart/kind/nice/friendly of sb to 某人做某事是...的
It is +adj+for sb to do 做某事对某人来说是...的
11.change one’s mind改变主意
change green into yellow由绿变黄
12.be interested in=have an interest in 对...感兴趣
13.to do不定式用法
作用
例如
作宾语
need/want/hope/expect/plan/would like to do
作宾语补足语
ask/tell/expect/allow/want/wish sb to do
作状语
to do表目的
不带to宾补
see/hear/watch/feel/notice/make/let sb do
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
一、重点短语
1.go out for dinner 出去吃饭
2. stay out late 在外面待到很晚
3. go to the movies 看电影 4. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
5.all day/evening 整曰/夜 6.do housework 做家务
7. get a ride 搭车 8. work on 从事
9. finish doing sth. 完成做某事 10. clean and tidy 干净整洁
11. do the dishes 洗餐具 12. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
13. fold the clothes 叠衣服 14. sweep the floor 扫地
15. make the bed 整理床铺 16. as a result结果
17. help out 帮忙 18. get good grades取得好成绩
19. throw down 扔下 20.as soon as=the minute 一...就...
21. come over 过来 22.shout back 大声回应
23.walk away 走开 24.all the time 一直;总是
25.share the housework 分担家务
26. a comfortable home 一个舒适的家
27.in surprise 惊讶地
28. get something to drink 拿点喝的东西
29.hang out 闲逛 30. watch one show 观看一个节目
31. pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人
32. lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
33. get sth. wet 使某物弄湿
34. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
35. do chores 做杂务
36. help sb. (to ) do /with sth 帮助某人干某事
37.bring a tent带顶帐篷来 38. buy some snacks买些小吃
39. go to the store去商店
40. invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会
41. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
42. enough stress足够的压力
43.a waste of time浪费时间 44. in order to为了
45. provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb
46. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
47. depend on依赖;依靠
48. look after/take care of 照顾；照看
49. develop children’s independence发展孩子的独立性
50. do one’s part in (doing ) sth.做某人分内的事
51. come home from school/ work放学/下班回家
二、重点语法
1.Could you please(not) do sth ?用于提出请求，希望得到对方肯定回答，语气较委婉。
肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答：Sorry , I can’t. / I’m afraid I can’t.
2.(1)neither adv 也不 句子须部分倒装。此时可用nor替换 neither
I don’t like this dress. 我不喜欢这件连衣裙。 Neither / Nor do I. 我也不喜欢。
【注意】肯定句：He likes beef..--So do I. 我也喜欢。
(2)neither …nor… 既不…也不…, 连接两个词做主语，谓语动词就近原则
Neither Tom nor I am a student
(3) neither 作代词表示“两个都不”它作主语时，谓语动词常用单数Neither of my parents is at home.
3.borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入)=borrow sb sth
lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出)
4.need v 需要作实义动词常用于肯定句
(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事
(2)物做主语，sth need doing = sth need to be done
5.(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事 (2)invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地
6.spend/pay/cost/take 花费
(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人
sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth 在某事上花费......
sb. +spend +时间/钱+(in) doing sth
He spends too much time on the computer games.
(3)pay →paid →paid v 支付，主语是人
sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.
(3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事
sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱
A new computer costs me a lot of money.
(4)take→took → taken v 花费
It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
7. develop v→development n 发展→developing adj. 发展的→developed adj. 发达的
a developing country 一个发展中国家 a developed country 一个发达国家
8.take care of 照顾,take a walk 散步,take away拿走,
take up占据,take place 发生,take off脱下,take photos照像,
take out取出,take care当心,take medicine服药,
take one’s temperature量体温,come back回来,come up with想出,
come true实现, come from来自,come out出来，(花)开
get back 返回,get over 克服,get dressed穿衣,get into进入 get/be lost丢失,get off/on下/上车 get on well with sb.与某人相处得好,get out of从…出来
9.It作形式主语及形式宾语
形式主语：It’s+adj+(for sb) to do It’s no use/good doing sth
形式宾语：主语+谓语(find,think,make,feel)+it+adj+to do sth
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
一、重点短语
1. have free time(to do)有空闲时间
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛
4. after-school classes课外活动课
5. get into a fight w ith sb. 与某人吵架/打架
6. until midnight直到半夜
7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈 8. too many太多
9. study too much学得过多
10.give one’ s opinion提出某人的观点
10. get enough sleep有足够的睡眠
11. write sb. a letter给某人写信
12. call sb. up打电话给某人 13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶
14. look through翻看 15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气
16. a big deal重要的事
17. work out成功地发展;解决
18. get on well with和...友好相处
19. fight a lot经常吵架/打架
20. hang over笼罩 21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 23. so that以便
24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事 25. all the time一直
26. in future今后 27. make sb. angry使某人生气
28. worry about sth. 担心某事
29. family members 家庭成员
30. copy one’ s homework抄袭某人的作业
31. be oneself做自己
32. spend time alone独自消磨时光
33. give sb. pressure给某人施压
34. have a fight w ith sb. 与某人吵架
35. compete w ith sb. 与某人竞争
36. free time activities业余活动
37. get better grades取得更好的成绩
39. learn exam skills学习应试技巧
40. practice sports体育训练
41. cause stress造成压力 42. cut out删除
43.give sth back to sb归还某人 44.be angry with sb生某人气
45.communicate with sb和某人交谈
46.explain to sb向某人解释
二、重点语法
1. 提建议的句型
(1) What about doing sth. ?=How about doing sth.?
….怎么样？
(2) Why don’t you do sth.?= Why not do sth.? 为什么不呢？
(3) Let’s do sth. 让我们一起做某事吧。
(4) Will/Would you please do sth. 请你做…好吗？
(5) Would you like to do sth.? 你想去做某事吗？
(6) Would you mind doing sth.？你介意做某事吗？
(7) Shall we do sth.? 我们做…好吗？
(8) had better do/not do sth. 最好做/不做某事
2.(1)too many + 复数名词 许多 too many people
(2)too much +不可数名词 许多 too much homework
(3)much too +形容词 太… much too cold
3. (1) allow doing sth 允许做某事
We don’t allow smoking in our house.
(2)allow sb.(not)to do sth. (不)允许某人做某事
My parents don’t allow me to stay up late.
我父母不允许我熬夜。
(3)be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
4.系动词：后跟adj. 作表语
一是：(be) am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静
二保持：stay/keep (表示持续状态) stay healthy=keep healthy
四变化：become/get/turn/go (表示状态变化)
五起来：sound/look/smell/taste/feel (表示感觉)
5.为了：so that+句子
in order to+动词短语
6.忘记、落下：forget sth/leave sth +地点
7.动名词或句子作主语谓语动词用单三：
Reading books is helpful. What he said is true.
8.Could you please not do sth?
9.Let’s have a break, shall we?
Let us have a break, will you?
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
一、重点短语
1. make sure 确信;确认 2. beat against... 拍打… …
3. fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着
4. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
5. wake up 醒来 6. in a mess 一团糟
7. break.. . apart 使……分离
8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候
9. at the time of 当.......时候
10. go off (闹钟)发出响声、开火、停止运行、离开
11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡
12. miss the bus 错过公交车
13. pick up 接电话、捡起、接某人、学到
14. miss the event 错过这个事件
15. in the area 在这个地区 16. at first 首先;最初
17. by the side of the road 在路边
18. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
19. walk by 走路经过
20. make one’s way to. .. 在某人去……的路上
21. for example 例如
22. hear the news 听到这个消息
23. important events in history 历史上的重大事件
24. be killed 被杀害
25.over 50 5 0多(岁) 26. take down 拆除;摧毁
27. on the radio 通过广播 28. in silence 沉默;无声
29. more recently 最近地;新近
30.the World Trade Center 世贸中心
31.have a look看一看 32.wait for等待
33.fallen trees歪倒的树 34.broken windows损坏的窗户
35.start/begin to do=start/begin doing开始做某事
二、重点语法
1. when与while
1)when表时间点或时间段，后接非延续性动词或延续性动词
2)while表时间段，后接延续性动词，多用进行时
过去进行时+while+过去进行时 (表动作对比)
一般过去时+while+过去进行时
2.beat+人、团队“打败” win+比赛、奖项“赢得”
3.be against反对，be for支持
4.fall asleep入睡，强调动作；be asleep睡着，强调状态
rise
升起，上升
主语自身提高
Prices rise.
raise
举起，提高
主语作用于其他事物
Raise our glasses.
5.过去进行时：
结构：was/were+doing
标志词：this time+过去时间，时间点+过去时间
at that time,at that moment,then,at the time of
6.词性转换
strange-stranger heavy-heavily wind-windy sleep-asleep report-reporter ice-icy complete-completely silence-silent recent-recently true-truth die-dying fall-fallen
break-broken beat-beat rise-rose
Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains
一、重点短语
1. work on doing sth. 致力于做某事
2. as soon as ...... 一……就…....
3. once upon a time = long long ago 从前
4. continue to do sth. 继续做某事
5. make sth. happen 使某事发生
6.try to do sth. 试图、尽力做某事
7. the journey to sp. ......之旅 8. tell a story/ stories 讲故事
9. put on 穿上
10.find one’s way home 找到某人回家的路
11. a little bit silly有点蠢
12.walk to the other side 走到另一边去
13. instead of 代替;反而
14.in the moonlight 在月光下
15. get married( to sb) 结婚
16. be able to do sth. 能做;会做
17. the main character 主要人物；主人公
18. at other times 在另外一些时候
19. a fairy tale 一个神话故事
20. come out (书、电影等)出版
21. turn .. . into 变成
22. become interested in (doing) sth. 对(做)……感兴趣
23. get lost 迷路
24. the rest of the story 故事的其余部分
25. the next day 第二天
26. leave sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
27. make a plan to do sth. 筹划/计划做某事 28. go to sleep 去睡觉
29. lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地
30. change one’s plan 改变计划
31. tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事
32. keep doing sth. 坚持做某事
33. give up (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事
34. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地
35.hear sb doing听到某人正在做某事
二、重点语法
1.remind 的用法
1) remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起...
e.g. This book reminds me of my childhood.
这本书让我想起了我的童年。
2)remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人去做某事
e.g. My mother always reminds me to come back early.
我妈妈总是提醒我早点回家。
3).remind+that从句
e.g: The story reminds me that we should be honest.
这故事提醒我们应诚实。
2.seem意为“似乎；好像”，其常见用法现归纳如下：
1)“主语+ seem +(to be )+表语”，表语多为名词或形容词例如：Tom seems (to be ) a very clever boy. 汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。
The man seems to be a new teacher. 那个人看上去像一个新老师。
2)“主语+ seem + 不定式”
例如：Mrs Green doesn’t seem(或seems not )to like the idea. 格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。
The children seemed to be eating something in the room. 孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢
3)“It seems + that从句”，其中it 是形式主语，that引导主语从句。例如：It seems that Mr Brown will not come again. 在我看来布朗先生不会再来了。3.辨析 1)say作及物动词,着重说话的内容,宾语可以是名词,代 词或宾语从句.
eg:He can say his name.他会说他的名字. Please say it in English.请用英语用.
2)speak强调说的动作,不强调所说的内容,常以某种,语言作宾语.还可用于在较为正式的场合了表演讲或演说.常见的搭配形式有：speak to sb speak+语言
Can you speak Japanese?你会说日语吗?
She is speaking to her teacher.她正在跟她的老师说话.
He spoke at the meeting yesterday.他昨天在会上讲了话.
3)talk 一般为不及物动词,意思是“交谈,谈话,着重强调两具之间的 相互说话.
talk to sb, talk with sb, talk about sth3)tell常作及物动词,意为“讲述,告诉,动词常跟双宾语. tell sb sth＝tell sth to sb告诉某人某事.4.状语从句：时间状语从句(as soon as)、条件状语从句(unless)、结果状语从句(so...that)5.连词：both...and.../both of.../either...or/neither...nor/not only...but also...
Unit 7 W hat’s the highest mountain in the world?
一、重点短语
1. as big as 与……一样大
2. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事
3. one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一
4.risk their lives拿生命冒险
5. as far as I know 据我所知
6.as you can see正如你所看到的
7. be in danger处于危险中
8.live up to活到
9. part of... ...... 的组成部分 10.challenge oneself挑战自己
11. the highest mountain 最高的山脉
12.stand on two legs 两条腿站立
13. in the world 在世界上
14. any other mountain 其他任何一座山
15. of all the salt lakes 在所有的咸水湖中
16. run along 跨越… …
17. freezing weather 冰冻的天气
18. take in air 呼吸空气
19. the first people to do sth. 第一个做某事的人
20.another 200 or so
21. in the face of difficulties面临危险
22. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
23. achieve one’ s dream 实现某人的梦想
24. even though 虽然;尽管
25. the forces of nature 自然界的力量
26. reach the top 到达顶峰
27. at birth 在出生的时候
28. be awake 醒着
29. fall over 摔倒
30. run over with excitement 兴奋地跑过去
31. walk into sb. 撞到某人
32. take care of 照顾;照料
33. every two years 每两年
34. cut down the forests 砍伐林木
35. endangered animals 濒危动物
36. fewer and fewer pandas大熊猫越来越少
37. the importance of saving animals 拯救这些动物的重要性 38.die of/from死于
39.in the remaining forests在剩余的森林中
40.protect … from…保护
41.in good/bad condition.
二、重点语法
1.表达事物的长，宽，高，深……? sth. /sb. +be+数量+单位+形容词long, wide, tall, deep如：The river is 2 meters deep. Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters high.
2.问事物的高，深，宽，长，重…?
How high/tall/ deep/ wide/ long/heavy is ... ?
It’s...
4.succeed. v. 成功 succeed in doing sth.
He succeeded in finishing the work.
success n. “成功”不可数，
Confidence is the key to success. 自信是成功的关键。
successful, adj. 成功的
Successfully adv.成功地
4.花费
1)sb. spend + time/ money + on sth. / in doing sth.
2)sb. pay +money +for sth. 某人为某物支付多少钱
3)It takes sb + time+ to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做
4)sth + cost +money 某物值多少钱。
The book costs ten dollars.
5.prepare 用法
1)prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
2)prepare sth. for sth/sb... 为……准备某物
3)make preparation(s) for 为…做准备
6.形容词副词比较级和最高级。(一) 形容词比较级的用法
1).形容词的比较级可以单独使用：
Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。
Which book is better? 哪本书更好？
2).也可以和than连用，表示两者相比，than后可以跟：
He is older than me / I . 他年龄比我大。
Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。
I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。
3)比较级中为了避免重复，常用one/that/those替代名词。 往往指与前面同类而不是同一个的事物。
This pen is shorter than that one.
The weather here is much hotter than that of Shanghai.
The cars made in Tianjin is much more popular than those in Shanghai.
4). 形容词比较级的修饰语
修饰形容词,副词比较级的常用修饰词有: a little, a bit, much, even, still, a lot, any等.
在否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中,修饰形容词,副词的比较级,只能用any来修饰.
He can't jump any higher. 他不能跳得更高了.
Can he jump any higher? 他能跳得更高一些吗?
Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好一点了吗？
句型1：as+形容词原形+as
This jacket is as beautiful as that one.
句型2. not as/so+形容词原形+as “前者不及/不如 后者
表达前者不如后者还可以用：less +原级+than
This school is less beautiful than that one.
句型3 ：1)表示“是......的几倍时” ......倍数+as 原级as.......
This garden is ten times as large as that one。
这个花园是那个的九倍大。
倍数的表达：once ; twice ; three times; four times.......
2)表示“比...多几倍” 倍数 + 比较级+than ....
His garden is 9 times larger than that one.他花园比那个大九倍。
句型4 ：比较级+than any other+单数名词
“比其他的任何一个...”
He is taller than any other boy in his class.
比较级+than the other+复数名词 “比其他的...”
He is taller than the other boys in his class.
句型5 ： the +比较级+of the two…(the twins.) “两个中较....”
Amy is the shorter of the two girls.
句型6 ：(单音节)比较级 + and + 比较级”
(多音节)“more and more +原级”， 越来越……
better and better fatter and fatter more and more beautiful
句型7 :the 比较级+句子,the 比较级+句子 越……， 越……
The harder you study, the better grades you will get.
(二)最高级的使用 形容词的最高级要加定冠词the , 副词最高级可省略the,
句型1：the+最高级+ of /in+范围
My mother is the busiest in my family
Jim works hardest of us all.
句型2 ： One of+the+最高级+名词复数 “最……的……之一”
One of the most important languages is English.
最重要的语言之一是英语。
句型3 the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+in短语 “第几最…”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
(三)、形容词的比较等级和最高等级：
形容词的比较级和最高级的构成规则变化：
1单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成.
情况
构成方式
原级
比较级
最高级
一般情况
加-er或-est
new
long
newer
longer
newest
longest
以e 结尾的词
加-r或-st
fine
late
finer
later
finest
latest
以“辅音+y” 结尾的词
变y为i再加-er 或-est
early
happy
earlier
happier
earliest
happiest
重读闭音节的词末尾
只有一个辅音字母
先双写辅音字母，
再加-er或-est
hot
thin
fat
hotter
thinner
fatter
hottest
thinnest
fattest
2.多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或 most。如：interesting-more interesting-most interesting
3.有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化：
好：good/well-better-best
坏：bad/badly-worse-worst
多：many/much-more-most
少：little-less-least
远：far-farther-farthest
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?
一、重点短语
1.such as例如
2. the marks of another man‘s feet 另一个人的脚印
3.more than超出
4.the southern states of America美国的南部地区
5. belong to 属于
6. an island full of treasures 一个满是宝藏的岛屿
7.grow up长大
8.signs left behind by someone某人留下的标记
9.give up放弃
10. a good way to wake up 醒来的一个好办法
11.wait for等待
12. go to the movies=see the film看电影
13.at least至少
14.can’ t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
15.think about考虑
16.grow fru its and vegetables 种水果和蔬菜
17.a kind of一种
18.wait for another ship 等待另一艘船到来
19. hurry up 赶快;匆忙
20.do some research on sth. 对……做研究
21.put...down放下 记下
22. at the end of the day在一天结束的时候
23. on page 25 在第25页
24. the firs t line in the song歌曲的第一行
25. go out to sea 出海
26.fight over=fight about因…而争吵
27.in two weeks 在两周之内
28.be kind to each other 善待彼此
29.on the radio通过收音机
30.each other=one another彼此；相互
31.run towards sp. 跑向某地
32.in the middle of the sea在海中央
33. science fiction 科幻小说
34.use... to do sth. 用……来做某事
35. number of people 人数
36. the important of… ….的重要性
37. trust one another 互相信任
38. the beauty of nature 大自然的美
39. come to realize 开始意识到
40. not long after that 不久之后
41. have been to sp. 去过某地
42. a few weeks ago 几个星期前
43. hope to do sth. 希望做某事
44.. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事
45. enjoy success in享受…的成功
46. used to do sth. (过去)常常做某事
47. the back of the book 书的背面
48.cut down trees砍倒树
49. w rite about 写作关于……的内容
50..country music乡村音乐
51. read the newspaper 看报
52.a piece of land一块陆地
53.. learn to do sth. 学会做某事
54.finish doing sth. 做完某事
55. study abroad 在国外学习
56. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
57. ever since then 自从那时起
58.on the island在岛上
59.have nothing什么也没有
60.bring back带回
61.on the sand在沙滩上
62.leave behind遗忘；留下
63. find out找出；查出
64.a bit boring 有点无聊
65.a few weeks ago几周前
66.ever since自从
67.full of 满是….；
68.trust one another相互信任
69.another+单数名词“另一个...”
another+数词+复数名词=数词+more复数名词“另外的几个...”
二、重点语法
1.现在完成时
1)定义：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例：—Have you had breakfast yet? 你吃过早饭了吗？
—Yes, I have. I’ve had it.是的，我吃过了(现在我不饿了)
I’ve already read the book. 我已经读过这本书了(了解了书的内容)
2)结构：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词
3)句型：
①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.
例：I have found my pen.我找到我的钢笔了。
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他。
例：I haven’t found my pen.我还没有找到我的钢笔。
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？
例：—Have you found your pen?你找到你的钢笔了吗？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has.
否定回答：No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.
4)动词过去分词的变化规则
一般动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成相同。不规则动词的过去分词136页特殊记忆。
5)常用标志词语：
already(已经)，never(从未)，ever(曾经)，just(刚刚)，
before(以前)，so far(到目前为止)，yet(还，已经)等。
①just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后
He has just come .
②never表示否定,放在have / has后
He has never visited the Great Wall.
③ever用于疑问句中，用于询问某人过去的经历。
Have you ever been to the farm？
④before用于句末
The woman has never heard of that before.
⑤yet疑问句或否定句句尾.
Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.
⑥already用于肯定句, have / has之后或句末.
We have already finished it.
⑦so far用于句首或句末.
So far, we have visited the moon.
6)already与yet的用法：
①already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句中，放在助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前；yet常用于疑问句中，并用于句末。
例：I’ve already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影。
Have you seen the film yet?你已经看过这部电影了吗？
②yet用于否定句中，意为“还(没)；尚(未)”，通常位于句末。
例：I haven’t seen the film yet. 我还未看过这部电影。
③already与yet的转换：
现在完成时中，含有already的陈述句变为否定句或疑问句时，要把already改为yet，并放于句末。
例：I have already finished reading the book.我已经读完这本书了。
变为否定句：
I haven’t finished reading the book yet . 我还没有读完这本书。
变成疑问句：
Have you finished reading the book yet? 你已经读完这本书了吗？
7)since与for的用法(How long提问)
①since+过去一个时间点，如具体的年月、星期、小时。eg：1990、last night、half past six
例： I have been here since 1990. 我自1990年以来一直在这里
②since+一段时间+ago，表示“自···时间前开始至今”
例：He has been here since five years ago. 他在这儿已经有5年了
③since+一般过去时从句
例：Many things have changed since you left.
自从你走后许多事情发生了变化
④It is +时间段+since+一般过去时从句
例：It is ten years since he studied English.
⑤for+时间段
例：I have been in the new school for a week.
8)延续性动词和非延续性动词转换：
nborrow/lend have(has) kept
nbuy have(has) had/owned
ndie have(has) been dead
nbegin/start have(has) been on
nfinish/end have(has) been over
nopen have(has) been open
nclose have(has) been closed
nfall asleep have(has) been asleep
ngo to sleep have(has) been asleep
nbecome have(has) been
nleave have(has) been away (from)
nget married/marry have(has) been married
njoin have(has) been a member of
have(has) been in
ncatch a cold have(has) had a cold
nmove/come/go to /reach//get to/arrive have(has) been in/at
nreturn/go back/come back have(has) beenback
注意：how long, since,for与现在完成时连用时动词要用延续性动词
9)have been to/gone to/been in的区别
have been to强调“曾经去过…”现已不在那里，已经回来了，后面可接表示“次数”的状语
have gone to主要强调的是“去了…”，可能在去的途中，或在去的目的地。
have been in“在某地待了多久”
Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?
一、词性变化
nation(n)国家→ national(adj.)国家的
amusement(n.)娱乐，游戏→ amuse(v.)娱乐，消遣
invention (n.)发明 → inventor(n.)发明家 →invent(v.)发明
believable (adj.) 可相信的 → unbelievable(adj.)难以置信的
social(adj.)社会的 → society(n.) 社会
perform(v.)→ performance(n.)表演→performer(n.)表演者
collect(v.)收集→collection收藏 → collector(n.)收藏家
enjoyable(adj.)愉快的，快乐的 → enjo y(v.)享受，欣赏，喜欢
二、重点短语
1. at night在夜晚
2.make(great) progress (in sth/doing sth )在某方面取得进步
3.tea sets 茶具
4. on the one hand... on the other hand.一方面，另一方面
5.hear of 听说
6.be excellent in sth/doing sth 在….方面极好
7.in the past 在过去
8.make a perfect cup of tea沏一杯完美的茶
9.in the dark 在黑暗中
10.an English-speaking country一个讲英语的国家
11.lead to 导致,通往
12.go somewhere different去不同的地方
13.put up a tent搭帐篷
14.have problem doing sth. 做某事很困难
15.be far from 离……远
16.a nice place to enjoy tea 一个品茶的好地方
17.go skating 去滑冰
18.camp in the mountains 在大山里露营
19.all year round一年到头;终年
20. in such a rapid way 以如此迅猛的方式
21.right now 现在;目前
22.the tea art performances茶艺表演
23.a couple of 几个
24.different kinds of各种各样的
25.whether…or...不管...还是
26.during/in the daytime在白天
27.fear to do sth 害怕干某事
28.natural environment自然的环境
29.close to 接近，靠近
30.a great way to do sth干某事好方法
31.three quarters 四分之三
32.social groups 社会团体
33.the Bird’s Nest鸟巢
34.take the subway 坐地铁
35.encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
36.take a ride兜风
37.the Terracotta Army 兵马俑
38.amusement park 游乐园
39. learn about sth.解有关…的情况 40.development of toilets 厕所的发展
41.thousands of 数以千计的
42.Southeast Asia东南亚
43. have a great/good/wonderful time玩的高兴
= have fun=enjoy oneself
44.have a great/good/wonderful time doing sth
= have fun doing sth做某事很开心
三、语法知识
1. 在英语中，表示“也”的知识归纳如下：
主语 + neither
A. 否定句中的“也” neither +助动词/be + 主语
完整的否定句后加either，加逗号隔开。
He didn’t go to school. 他没有去上学。
Me neither. =Neither did I.= I didn’t go to school , either.
主语 + too
B.肯定句中的“也” so +助动词/be+ 主语
完整的肯定句后加too，用逗号隔开。
He is a good student.Me too.=So am I =I’m a good student, too.
2.英语中分数表达法为：
子基母序，先分子后分母，分子大于1时，分母加“s”
如: four sixths 六分之四 one third三分之一
(注意：分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与其后的名词的数保持一致。)
3. have/has been to+ 地方“表示曾经去过某地”(现在已经回来了)
have/has gone to+ 地方“表示已经去了某地”
have/has been in /at+ 地方 在某地待了多久
(注意:have/has been/gone to 后加home, there, here，则不用to)
如: He have gone home.他回家了。
4. (1) Let’s 中的us 包括对方，反意疑问句用 shall we
Let’s go and listen to the music, shall we?
(2)Let us 不包括对方, 反意疑问句用will you
Let us wait for you in the reading room, will you?
5. 【反意疑问句】
(1)定义：即附加疑问句。表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。
(2)结构：陈述句 + 附加疑问句？ It’s hot today ,isn’t it ?
(3)原则：1.前肯后否，前否后肯 2.前名后代
3.前be后be,前情后情，前实后助 4.时态一致
6. invent v. 发明→inventor n. 发明家→ invention n.发明
【记】Edison , a great inventor, invented over 1’000 inventions all his life.(invent)
invent
发明
指事物从无到有(客观上没有)
discover
发现
强调事物本身存在，从“未知”到“已知”(客观上存在)
7.lead →led→ led v引导，引诱 → leader n 领导人
(1)lead to sth 导致……通往
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马
(2) lead sb. to sw 引导某人去某地
(3) lead sb. to do sth 引导某人干某事
8. take (took , taken) v 乘， 坐， 搭(车，船)
take the/a +交通工具+to +地点 take the subway 乘地铁
乘坐……(放于句中) 动词短语在句中做谓语
9.put用法
put up 搭起；举起；张贴 put away 把…收起来 put up 张贴
put on 穿上 put out 熄灭 put…into… 把……放进 put down 放下
10.information信息；资料
(1) information指电视、电脑或其它杂志等获得的信息，为不可数名词；
a piece of information 一条信息
You can get much information on the Internet
(2)message消息、口信、电报 指书面、口头、无线电等传来的信息，为可数名词；I’ll leave a message for her. 我将为她留个口信。
(3) news新闻，消息, 指通过报纸、电台、电视等新闻媒介报道的最新消息，为不可数名词。
a piece of news 一则新闻
No news is good news 没有消息就是好消息
11.rapid adj.迅速的；快速的
12.peaceful adj. 和平的，安宁的
peace n 和平→ peaceful adj. 和平的→ peacefully adv 和平地
beauty n 美丽 →beautiful adj. 美丽help n 帮助→helpful adj. 有帮助的
use n 用途→useful adj. 有用的 thank n感谢 →thankful adj. 感激的
13.(1)listen/listen to 听，侧重听的“过程”
(2)hear 听，侧重听的“结果”
hear sb. do sth 听见某人做某事
I often hear him sing in the room.
hear sb. doing sth 听见某人正在做某事
I hear him singing in the room
hear of/about 听说
hear from =receive a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信
I’m sorry to hear that.听到这件事我很难过
14.whenever = no matter when任何时候
whatever,wherever,whoever,however
15.中日永不变，英法a变e,其他加s
国籍
单数
复数
中国人
a Chinese
two Chinese
澳大利亚人
an Australian
two Australians
俄国人
a Russian
two Russians
意大利人
an Italian
two Italians
法国人
a Frenchman
two Frenchmen
日本人
a Japanese
two Japanese
美国人
an American
two Americans
印度人
an Indian
two Indians
加拿大人
a Canadian
two Canadians
德国人
a Germans
two Germans
英国人
an Englishman
two Englishmen
16.rapid强调反应“敏捷”quick强调时间 “短“fast强调速度 “ 快”
Unit 10 I ’ve had this bike for three years.
一、重点短语
1.in need 需要
2.there is no need for sth/to do sth 没有必要做某事
3.so far 迄今
4.It’s shame to do sth/that + 从句 做……遗憾
5.clear out 清理
6.regard with great interest 以极大的兴趣关注着
7.check out 察看;观察
8.these days=nowadays = at present目前;现在
9.give away 捐赠
10.bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回忆
11.in order to 为了
12.search for work找工作=look for work
13.grow up 长大
14.not.. any more = no more 不再
15.part with 与……分开
16.no longer= not …any longer 不再
17.do with... 处置;处理
18.for a while = some time 一段时间
19.close to几乎，接近
20.for the last 13 years 在过去的13年里
21.regard…as把…看成是
22.the mid-20th century 20世纪中期
23.in my time 在我那个年代
24.across from = opposite 在…对面
25.in one’s opinion 依…看
26.have a yard sale 进行庭院拍卖会
27.stay the same 保持原状
28.junior high school 初级中学
29.according to 依据;按照
30.seem to do sth 似乎做某事
31.to be honest 说实在的
32.lose one’s memory失去记忆
33.one last thing 最后一样东西
34.play for a while 玩一会儿
35.bring back 带回，使回忆起
36.be in need of 需要…
37.board games 棋类游戏
二、重点语法
四、语法重点
1.常见的以How开头的特殊疑问词组
How long 用来提问多长时间，回答用for或since引导的时间状语
How often提问的是频率，意为“多久一次”
How soon 表示“多久以后，多久才”用“in + 一段时间”来回答。
How much可用于提问商品的价格、付款的多少
How much/How many表示“(数量)多少
How far 表示“(路程或距离)多远”用表示距离的词和短语回答
2. 现在完成时
现在完成时态在我们的语言运用过程中，常会发现句中带有以下四类标志性的副词或副词短语，我们把它称为现在完成时态的标志。
①.never，ever，just，yet，before，already ,ever since then；
②.some/many times，once，twice，基数词+Times；
③.so far，recently，lately，these days/weeks/months/years，
(in) the last /past few days/months/years；
④.for+时间段，since+时间点，since +从句(过去时)；
3. 当句中有for+时间段，since+时间点，how long 时，要求：have/has + 过去分词(动词必须是延续性动词)，瞬间动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些瞬间动词。
4.keep (kept ; kept)保留
用作系动词，保持(某种状态)，其后常接形容词作表语。
Please keep quiet / silent! 请安静!
用作实义动词
(1)保管；保存；保留
Please keep these things for me while I am away.
(2)赡养；饲养 I used to keep sheep in my childhood.
(3)坚持；继续 接V-ing 形式作宾语。
If you keep practicing your spoken English.
(4)阻止；阻碍 keep sb/sth from doing sth 其中介词 from 不能省略
The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match.
(5)保持 加宾语+宾语补足语，表示使(某人或某物)保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。
① keep + sb/sth + 介词
If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets.
② keep + sb/sth + 形容词
These gloves will keep your hands warm.
③ keep + sb/sth + V-ing ，“让某人 / 某物一直……”
I'm sorry I've kept you waiting. 很抱歉，让你久等了。
keep a record 保持记录，
keep in touch (with)保持与……的联系
keep out (of) 把……关在外面
keep up 保持；使……不能入睡
keep one's / an eye on密切注视
keep away (from) 离开
keep in mind 牢记 keep one's word 遵守诺言
5.in need 需要；需求in danger 在危险中 in trouble在困境中
in silence 在沉默中 in good health 在好的健康状态中
6.a couple of 几个；一些= a few 后接可数名词复数
a couple of 一对 ,优指夫妻、情侣
I’ll be back in a couple of days.
7.a bit 稍微；有点儿
(1)a bit和a little在肯定句中, 修饰动词、形容词、副词和比较级,"一点儿"。
The speaker spoke up a bit/a little so as to make himself heard more clearly.
演讲者把嗓门提高了一点儿,以便使别人听得更清楚。
(2)a little可以直接作定语修饰名词,
a bit修饰名词，需后面加of构成短语 ,两者都只能修饰不可数名词
There is a little/a bit of food left for lunch. 午饭只能吃剩下的一点食品了。
8.decide v 决定→-decision n 决定
(1)decide to do sth= make up one’s mind to do sth 决定做某事
(2)make a decision 做决定
9.no longer = not ... any long 不再
【在句中位置】no longer 位于助动词、情态动词或实意动词之后；
not ... any longer not 常与助动词或情态动词连用，any longer 位于句末。
I no longer live in this city. = I don’t live in this city any longer.
10.某种； 某事；某人 (在句中只能做定语，常与不定代词a连用，可修饰单、复数名词)
A certain person called on me yesterday.
(2) adj. 确实的，无疑的
be certain of 对某事有把握 They are certain of success.
be certain to do sth 肯定做某事 He is certain to come.
be certain +that确信 I’m certain that he’ll come.
11.to be honest = to tell (you) the truth老实说；说实话
honest adj. 诚实的(反)dishonest adj. 不诚实的
an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩
12.do with 处理；对付(某人或某物)
deal with 处理 与how 连用
do with 处理 与what 连用
do with
处理；强调处理的对象，常与what连用
I don’t know what to do with these letters.
deal with
处理；强调处理的方式，常与how连用
He taught me how to deal with pressure.
13.by
(1)by doing sth 通过…方式 by studying with a group
【注】介词短语作方式状语，回答以How开头的问句， 表示“怎样做”。
(2)by+ 交通工具(交通工具前不能加限定词)
by bike by train
(3)by the way 顺便问一下 by accident= by chance 偶然地 by mistake 错误地
one by one 一个接一个 step by step 一步一步地 little by little 逐渐地
by the time 到……为止 by oneself 独自地
by and by 不久之后
15.among prep在(其中)； …….之一
among
介词，三个或三个以上之中
The girl disappeared among the crowd
between
介词；两者之间between … and …
I sit between Sue and Jane.
16. be back 返回 (强调状态，若表示“回到某地” 则要在其后加介词to)
We are all happy to be back to school after the long holiday.
go back 走回来 get back 回去 come back 回来
give back 归还 run back 跑回 look back 回顾
17. regard 将……认为，把……视为
regard…with… 对……持某种态度
regard … as … 把…… 当作…… I regard you as my friend.
18.consider v 考虑=think about
consider doing sth 考虑做某事
后跟动名词的动词和短语：
完成，实践， 值得， 忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy)
考虑,建议，不禁， 想 (consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like)
错过，习惯，放弃 (miss, be used to, give up )
继续，喜欢，介意 ( keep on, enjoy, mind)
19.世纪的表达法：
(1)in the + 序数词 + century
He was born in the 20th century.
(2)在….世纪…… 年代 in the 1750s 18世纪50年代
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