2021-2022学年人教版英语七年级上册全册语法总结
2022/7/20 9:33:53 考试真题那些事儿
人教版英语七年级上册全册语法总结
Unit 1 My name's Gina
一 动词be的一般现在时
1、表示一种事实：
He is 11 years old.他11岁了。
I am from China.我来自中国。
2、表示一种状态(经常存在)：
He goes fishing every weekend.他每个周末都去钓鱼。
We usually go to school at 7:00.我们通常7点上学。
3、Be动词与主语保持一致：
I am a teacher.
He/She is a worker.
It is a little dog.
They/We/You are dancers.
Be动词变化遵循原则，口诀：我是am,你是are,is 用于他、她、它,单数用is，复数都是are.
4、一般现在时的句型转换
否定句be+not
She is in the kitchen.~She is not in the kitchen.
They are in the classroom.~They are not in the classroom.
一般疑问句be提前，句末打？
She is in the kitchen.~Is she in the kitchen?——Yes, she is./No, she isn’t.
They are in the classroom.~Are they in the classroom？——Yes, they are./No, they aren’t.
二 形容词性物主代词
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，是人称代词的属格形式。它分第一人称、第二人称和第三人称，每个人称又分单数和复数。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
形容词性物主代词的用法和形容词的用法相似，具有形容词的性质。在句中作定语，修饰名词，一般放在被修饰的名词前，不能单独使用。如果名词前还有其他的定语，物主代词要放在其他定语的前面。
人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
形容词性物主代词
my
our
your
your
he/her/its
their
形容词性物主代词用在名词前面作定语。
my name your ruler his cup her pen
当堂练习：
一、单项选择。
1.---Is he Tom?
--- . He is Tim .
A. Yes, it is B. No, it's not C. Yes, he is D. No, he isn't
2.This is MP4. Yours is over there .
A. my B. me C. I D. mine
3.---Jane，is this key ?
---Yes , it's mine . Thank you .
A. you B. your C. yours
4.I have a big brother. name is Paul.
A. His B. Her C. Its D. Your
5.The lovely(可爱的) girl is from Class6. name is Alice .
A. Her B. His C. Your D. Its
6.Please send best wishes to Mary .
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
7.---Does Miss White like sports ?
---Yes, favorite sport is tennis .
A. he B. she C. his D. her
二、用方框中选择所给的单词填空，每词限用一次。
his, you, it, I, your
1. —Is this _________ pen, Mary?
—Yes, it is my pen.
2. _________ name is Jack.
3. —What’s this in English?
—__________ is a ruler.
4. Are __________ Jenny Smith?
5. __________ am Jack Green.
三、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)
1. My name is Linda Hand. Linda is my (one) name.
2. --- What's (she) last name?
--- Smith.
3. --- (be) you Cindy?
--- Yes, I am.
4. This is Tony. (his) is an English boy.
5. --- What's (you) phone number?
--- It's 010558967.
四、按要求转换句型
1. My last name is Zhang. (对划线部分提问)
last name?
2. Her telephone number is 677-0923. (对划线部分提问)
telephone number?
3. She is Mary. (改为同义句)
Mary.
4. He is Frank. (改为一般疑问句)
Frank?
5. Are you Bob Brown? (作否定回答)
, .
Unit 2 This is my sister
一 指示代词：this, that, these, those
1.指示代词是表示“这个，那个，这些，那些”的代词，其中this和these是指距离说话人较近的人或者事物；that和those是指离或华人较远的人或者事物。
2.指示代词this, that作主语时，连系动词be用单数形式is，同时后面的名词用单数形式。
当these, those作主语时，连系动词be用复数形式are，同时后面的名词用复数形式。
3.在回答主语是this或that的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时，在答语中用it代替句中的this或者that。当回答these或those作主语的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时，在答语中用they代替句中的these或those
4.介绍某人时，用this或that，而不用he或she.
5.打电话时，说自己是谁用This is…问别人是谁用Who’s that?
二 人称代词的主格形式
人称代词是用来代表人或事物的代词，有人称、数(单复数)、格(主格、宾格)以及性别(男女)的变化。人称代词分为主格和宾格两种形式。其变化规律如下表所示：
1.人称代词的主格
人称代词的主格分为单数：I，you，he，she，it和复数：we，you，they。人称代词的主格在句中作主语。
I have many new friends.They are all very nice.我有很多新朋友。他们都非常好。
Are you in Class 4，Grade ? 你在七年级四班吗?
Kitty is cute.She loves dancing. 基蒂很可爱。她喜欢跳舞。
当堂练习：
一、单项选择
( )1. Those photos ______ nice.
A. are B. is C. be D. am
( )2. Your father’s parents are your ______.
A. uncles B. aunts C. grandparents D. cousins
( )3. —Is John your brother? —Yes, ______ is.
A. she B. he C. it D. that
( )4. Anna is my aunt’s daughter, so (所以) she is my _______.
A. parent B. sister C. brother D. cousin
( )5. Thanks ______ your pencil.
A. for B. at C. in D. to
( )6. —Look! What’s in the _______? —A school.
A. name B. morning C. picture D. question
( )7. It is ______ my dictionary.
A. a photo to B. a photo of C. photos to D. photos of
( )8. —Is ______ your dictionary? —Yes, thank you. And ______ are my books.
A. this; this B. this; these C. these; this D. these; these
( )9. —Is that your sister? —______.
A. Yes, I am B. No, I’m not C. Yes, it is D. No, he isn’t
( )10. —David, these are my friends, Bob and
Mike. —______
A. How are you? B. Thanks. C. What’s your name? D. Nice to meet you!
二、完形填空
阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。
Hello! My name is John. 1 members (成员) are in my family: my parents, my sister and I. My 2 is Frank, and he is 39. 3 phone number is 360-9821. My mother’s name is Susan, and 4 is 37. My sister is a nice 5 . She is 6 . Her 36 is Sonia. I’m 12. I’m a student (学生). Look! That’s my 7 . Is it black? No, it isn’t. It’s 8 . It’s a blue backpack.
( )1. A. Three B. Four C. Five D. Six
( )2. A. brother B. uncle C. father D. grandfather
( )3. A. My B. Your C. Her D. His
( )4. A. it B. he C. she D. that
( ) 5. A. boy B. girl C. watch D. ring
( )6. A. name B. color C. family D. number
( )7. A. pencil B. backpack C. book D. ruler
( )8. A. black B. red C. green D. blue
三、根据句意,用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. Here are two ______ (picture).
2. Is _____ (these) your eraser?
3. _______ (that) are my brothers.
4. ______ (Her) isn’t Susan. Her name is Mary.
5. Lin Hai and Guo Peng are my ______ (friend).
四、按要求完成下列句子,每空一词。
59. This is my friend. (改为一般疑问句)_____ _____ your friend?
60. —Is she your cousin? (作否定回答)—No, ______ ______.
61. Those are my brothers. (改为单数句)______ ______ my _______.
62. Emma is her sister. (同义句改写)Emma ______ she _____ ______.
63. This is a backpack. (把a换成two改写句子) ________ _______ two ______.
Unit 3 Is this your pencil?
一 含有be动词的一般疑问句
1.将含有be动词的陈述句转换一般疑问句
将be动词(am, is, are)提到句首(首字母要大写)，如果原句中的主语是第一人称要变为第二人称，句末加问号。
例：I am Zhang Yang → Are you Zhang Yang?
That is my bike → Is that your bike?
2.含有be动词的一般疑问句的肯定回答与否定回答
肯定回答：Yes,主语+be
否定回答：No, 主语+be
例：—Is this your pen? —Yes, it is / No, it isn’t.
二 名词性物主代词
名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
为避免重复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。
例：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink.
为避免重复使用bag，可写成My bag(形容词性) is yellow, hers(名词性) is red, his(名词性) is blue and yours(名词性) is pink.
用法：
1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，例如：
John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.
约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。
物主代词有形容词性(my, your等)和名词性(mine, yours等)两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。
名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 --'s属格结构，例如：
Jack's cap 意为 The cap is Jack's.
His cap 意为 The cap is his.
2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能
a. 作主语，例如：
May I use your pen? Yours works better.
我可以用一用你的钢笔吗？ 你的比我的好用。
b. 作宾语，例如：
I love my motherland as much as you love yours.
我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。
c. 作介词宾语，例如：
You should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.
你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的意义去解释。
d. 作表语，例如：
The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。
例句：This is my case.
This case is mine.在这里的mine带有“我的(书)”的意思。
This book belongs to me.
当堂练习：
一、单项选择。
( ) 1.—Is that ________ eraser?
—No，it isn't. It's ________ pencil.
A.an；a B.an；an C.a；an
( ) 2. - What's that?
- ________English book.
A. It's a 
B. That's an
C. It's an
D. That's a
( ) 3 .This picture is Grace's. That picture is ________，too.
A.her B.hers C.my
( )4.Look!Five ________ and a set of ________ are in the black bag.
A.photo；key B.photos；keys C.photos；key
( )5.—Is this book? —Yes，it's English book.
A. a；a
B. a；an
C. art；an
( )6.—Is this your pen?
—________.It's mine.
A.Yes，it is B.No，this isn't C.No，it isn't
( )7.—These books are mine.________ this bag?
—It's Helen's.
A.What is B.What about C.How is
( )8.—How do you ________ your name?
—________.
A.say；J-I-M B.spell；Jim C.spell；J-I-M
( )9.This is ________ jacket. That is ________.
A.Jim；yours B.Jim's；yours C.Jim's；your
( )10.—Thank you for your English book.
—________.
A.I'm fine，thanks B.Yes，it's a book C.You're welcome
二、完形填空。
My friend Sally is an English 1 . Her family name is 2 . She is 13 years old. Here is a photo 3 her room. In 4 room, her notebook and computer game 5 on the desk. Her schoolbag is on the sofa. Her 6 are on the sofa, too. Some books and two pens are in her schoolbag. A baseball is under the bed, 7 it's not hers. It's her brother's. Sally has a TV. It's on the table. Next to the table is a photo. Three girls are 8 the photo. Do you know 9 the two girls are? Well, 10 are Sally's good friends, Mary and Cindy.
1. A. girl
B. boy
C. dog
D. father
2. A. Eric
B. Frank
C. Brown
D. Bill
3. A. for
B. of
C. at
D. in
4. A. his
B. her
C. he
D. she
5. A. is
B. are
C. am
D. /
6. A. pencil
B. pen
C. schoolbags
D. pencils
7. A. and
B. too
C. but
D. also
8. A. at
B. to
C. in
D. under
9. A. what
B. how
C. where
D. who
10. A. these
B. they
C. this
D. that
三、根据句意，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.That black and white dog is (my).
2.These (box) are not his.
3.You can see (I) in the classroom.
4.Here are some (watch).
5.—Are these your books?
—No，they are (Eric).
四、按要求完成下列句子。
1.This is his ruler.(改为一般疑问句)
________________________ ruler?
2.Is this Kate's schoolbag？(作肯定回答)
Yes，__________________.
3.The ring is hers.(改为同义句)
This is ___________________.
五、从方框中选择恰当的选项补全对话。(有两项多余)
A：Good afternoon，David.
B：71.____
A：I lost a watch this morning.
B：72.____
A：It's black.It's my first watch.73.____
B：74.____ I found it in the library.
A：Yes，it is.Thanks.
B：You're welcome.75.____
A：It isn't mine.It's Tom's.Here is his name.
B：Oh，I see.
A.I lost my watch，too.
B.I must find it.
C.What about this dictionary?
D.You can ask your teacher for help.
E.Good afternoon，Mary.
F.Is this yours?
G.What color is it?
Unit 4 Where's my schoolbag?
方位介词in, on与under的用法
介词常置于名词或代词之前，表示词与句子其他成分之间的关系。一般在句子中不单独作任何成分。常见的方位介词有 on, in , under, at ,behind, next to等。
on 在……上面 与物体有接触面
on the wall 在墙上 on the floor 在地板上
in 在…… 里面 指在某范围或空间内
in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的包里
under 在……下面
under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下
当堂练习：
一、单项选择。
( )1.-Where is my schoolbag? -It’s under table.
A.a B. the C. a D. /
( )2.-Mom, is my football? - It’s under your bed.
A.what B. when C.which D.where
( )3.There are four people my family.
A.on B. at C. in D.of
( )4.- your book? -Yes, I am.
A. Where B. Where’re C. Where’s D. Where are
( )5.Is his pencil box the bag?
A.in B. at C.of D. to
( )6.- under the desk? -No, they aren’t.
A.Where are B.What’s C. Are those rulers D. Is that ruler
( )7.The CDs in the bookcase.
A.am B. is C.are D.be
( )8.-Are those shoes under your bed? - .
A.Yes, it is. B.Yes, they are. C.No, it isn’t. D.Yes, they’re.
( )9. --- your phone number?
--- It's 6678954.
A. Where's B. What's C. How's D. What
( )10.Where the twins?
A. is B. are C. am D. be
二、句型转换。
1.We are in Beijing.(对划线部分提问)
you?
2.Kate’s keys are in her schoolbag.(对划线部分提问)
Kate’s keys?
3.They are old boxes.(改为单数句)
old box.
4.This is Tom’s bike. (对划线部分提问)
5.The woman is her Chinese teacher.(对划线部分提问)
this woman？
6.I know.(改为否定句)
I .
7.Are the Chinese books his brother’s?(做肯定回答)
Yes, .
三、补全对话(选择)。
A: 61.
B: Hi, Lisa.
A: Can you come to my birthday party?
B: Sure, 62. 63.
A: It's at 6:00 in the evening on Saturday.
B: I'm sorry. I can't. 64.
A: Oh, that's too bad.
B: 65.
A. I have to study for the math test.
B. Thank you for asking.
C. Hi, Simon.
D. Where is it?
E. I'd love to.
F. What are you doing?
G. What time is it?
Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball?
一般现在时态中have的用法
have意为“有”，表示所属关系，有人称和数的变化，其主语一般是人，有时也可以是物。
(1)have用于复数名词、第一、二人称单复数或第三人称复数代词作主语的句子中；has为
have的第三人称单数形式，用于不可数名词、可数名词或第三人称单数代词作主语的句
子中。 例：I have a pen. 我有一支钢笔。
(2) have / has的一般疑问句：在句首加助动词do或does,句尾加问号构成。除第三人称单数
用does外，其余都用do.第三人称前加does后，have / has作谓语时，句中的谓语动词
has要变成have。例：He has a pen. 他有一个钢笔。
(3) 否定句式：主语+don’t / doesn’t +have…
I don’t have an eraser. 我没有橡皮。 He doesn’t have an eraser. 他没有橡皮。
(4)一般疑问句式：Do/ Does+主语+have…
Does he have a cup? 他有一个茶杯吗？
肯定答语：Yes,主语+do / does.
否定答语：No, 主语+don’t / doesn’t.
(5)当have / has后的名词被some修饰时，在否定句和疑问句中some要变成any.
I have some good friend.→I don’t have any good friend.
Unit 6 Do you like bananas?
可数和不可数名词
普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。
表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词，可数名词单数前面可以用不定冠词a/an来修饰。
1.名词复数的规则变化：
(1)在词尾后加-s。如：book→books，cup→cups
(2)以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词后加一es。如：bus→buses，box→boxes，dish→dishes。
watch→watches。
(3)以f，fe结尾的词，先将f或fe变成v再加-es。如：half→halves，wife→wives.
(4)以o结尾表示有生命的事物的词后加-es。如：hero→heroes，potato→potatoes。
tomato→tomatoes，mango→mangoes。
(5)以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先将y改为i再加-es；以元音字母加y结尾的词，直接在词尾加-s。如：city→cities，family→families，boy→boys，day→days。
2.名词复数的不规则变化：
(1)元音发生变化。如：
man→men，woman→women，foot→feet.tooth→teeth，mouse→mice，goose→geese
(2)单复数同形。如：
a sheep→two sheep两只羊，a deer→five deer五只鹿，a fish→a lot of fish许多鱼，a
Chinese→some Chinese一些中国人，a Japanese→three Japanese三个日本人
(3)有些名词只有复数形式。如：
clothes衣服，trousers裤子，glasses眼镜，scissors剪刀，compasses圆规
(4)合成名词变为复数时，两个词都要变为复数。如：
two men doctors两名男医生，10 women teachers 10名女教师
3.不可数名词
不可数名词表示不能计算数目的人或物。它们前面不能用不定冠词a/an修饰，没有复数形式。不可数名词要表示数量，要借助于量词。如：
a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡，three pieces of bread 三片面包
Unit 7 How much are these socks?
基数词的用法
I. 基数词的构成。
基数词1-12是独立的单词。
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
基数词13-19是在个位数后面加-teen构成，其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen是不规则变化。
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
整十的基数词20-90是在个位数词后面加-ty构成，其中twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty是不规则变化。
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
非整十基数词21-99是在十位数后面加上个位数构成，中间加上连字符“-”。
twenty-one, seventy-six, eighty-eight
三位数以上的基数词，百位数和十位数之间用and连接。
two hundred and one, three thousand five hundred and fourteen
英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个单位，在表示“万”和“亿”时，把“万”念成10个千，“十万”念成100个千，“亿”念成100个百万……以此类推。
10,000：ten thousand
100,000: a hundred thousand
100,000,000: a hundred million
35, 845: thirty-five thousand, eight hundred and forty-five
II. hundred, thousand, million 和billion的用法。
hundred, thousand, million和billion等表示确切数字时，只用其单数形式；但是在表示不确切数字时，要用其复数形式，并且与of连用，表示约数。
e.g:1. There are more than three hundred days in a year. 一年有三百多天。
2. Thousands of visitors travel to the Great Wall every year. 每年有成千上万的游客游玩长城。
III. 基数词表示编号。
例如：
Lesson Five (the fifth lesson) 第五课
Room 306 306房间
Page Twelve (the twelfth page) 第十二页
Class One, Grade Six 六年级一班
Unit 8 When is your birthday?
序数词的用法
I. 序数词的构成。
序数词1-3是独立的单词。
first, second, third
基数词4-19是在基数词后面加-th构成，其中fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, thirteenth, fifteenth是不规则变化。
fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth
整十的基数词20-90变序数词时，变y为i再加“eth”。
twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eighties, ninetieth
21以上非整十基数词变序数词时，只需将其个位数变成序数词，其它位数仍用基数词。
twenty-first, seventy-sixth, two hundred and eighty-eighth
II. 使用序数词时，前面经常加上定冠词the。
e.g: 1. He is always the first person to reach school. 他总是第一个到达学校。
2. This is the third time for me to go to Beijing. 这是我第三次去北京。
Unit 9 My favourite subject is science
(1)特殊疑问句:是对句子中的某一部分内容提出疑问的问句，是指以what,who,when,where,why,how等开始的疑 问句。特殊疑问句与一般疑问句不一样，它不能用yes或no回答。
①结构：倒装结构：疑问词+一般疑问句(语序)？
陈述语序：疑问词+谓语+宾语/状语？
用陈述语序的结构往往是对主语进行提问，这时疑问词作句子的主语。
②疑问词小结：(1)什么都要问的what
疑问代词what的基本含义是“什么”，通常用来询问姓名、物品、数学运算结果或
什么时间做什么事情等。What可与grade,class,color等名词“结盟”，一起来询
问某些相对具体的信息。
What grade is she in? 她在几年级？
What color is your bag? 你的书包是什么颜色的？
(2)Who是疑问代词，它的意思是“谁”，用来询问“人”。在剧中作主语、宾语或表语。
Who do you want to help? 你想帮助谁？
当who作主语时，句子要用陈述语序，谓语动词多用单数形式。
Who likes playing basketball? 谁喜欢打篮球？
(3)Why是疑问副词，意思是“为什么”，多用来询问原因，回答时多用连词because引导
的句子，意为“因为……”。
—Why do you like P.E.? 你为什么喜欢体育？
—Because I think it is very interesting? 因为我认为它很有趣。
以why开头的否定疑问句多表示建议或请求。
Why don’t you go to work a little earlier? 你为什么不早点上班？
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