【文献解读】癌症免疫疗法——历史、可能性和挑战
2017/11/9 创新医学网

    

    

     文章来源:欧尔意 OAE 微信号

     作者:Sofina

    

     原文出处

     Oiseth SJ, Aziz MS. Cancer immunotherapy: a brief review of the history, possibilities, and challenges ahead. J CancerMetastasis Treat 2017;3:250-61.

     DOI:10.20517/2394-4722.2017.41

     摘 要

     在现代以前,人们就知道人体具有抵御癌症的自然防御能力,多个关于肿瘤的轶事报道奇迹般地消失,有时是自发地,也可能是在发烧或传染病发作之后。未经治疗的恶性肿瘤的自发性肿瘤消退目前已被公认为罕见的现象,但人们认识到免疫抑制与更高的癌症风险有关。以活减毒芽孢杆菌为例,对膀胱癌的治疗在1976年就非常有效,目前已成为标准治疗。对癌症的有效免疫力包括肿瘤,宿主和环境之间复杂的相互作用。 癌症免疫疗法使用各种策略来增强肿瘤免疫力,是治疗癌症的一种范式转变,因为注意力更多地集中在单个肿瘤的“生物护照”上,而不是肿瘤的起源部位。这里讨论的不同类型的癌症免疫治疗包括生物调节剂,如细胞因子和疫苗,过继性细胞疗法,肿瘤病毒和针对免疫检查点抑制剂的抗体,如共抑制性T细胞受体PD-1及其配体之一,程序化死亡配体1。

     关键词:癌症免疫治疗,免疫检查点抑制剂,程序性死亡受体1,程序性死亡配体1,细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原-4,过继性细胞疗法,癌症疫苗,溶瘤病毒,癌症免疫学史

     The knowledge that the body possesses natural defenses to combat cancer existed long before the modern period, with multiple anecdotal reports of tumors miraculously disappearing, sometimes spontaneously or after a febrile or infectious episode.Spontaneous tumor regression of untreated malignant tumors is currently a well-accepted albeit rare phenomenon, and it is recognized that immunosuppression is associated with a higher cancer risk.The treatment of bladder carcinoma by intravesical administration of live attenuated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin bacteria was shown to be very effective in 1976 and is now standard treatment.Effective immunity against cancer involves complex interactions between the tumor, the host, and the environment.Cancer immunotherapy uses various strategies to augment tumor immunity and represents a paradigm shift in treating cancer, since attention has become more focused on the “biologic passport” of the individual tumor rather than the site of origin of the tumor.The different types of cancer immunotherapies discussed here include biologic modifiers, such as cytokines and vaccines, adoptive cell therapies, oncolytic viruses, and antibodies against immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as the co-inhibitory T-cell receptor PD-1 and one of its ligands, programmed death-ligand 1.

     Keywords:Cancer immunotherapy,immune checkpoint inhibitors,PD-1, programmed death-ligand 1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4, adoptive cell therapy, cancer vaccines,oncolytic viruses, history of cancer immunology

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