4种「替丁」+酒精,竟能让你「醉上加醉」?
2022/3/2 医学界

     仅供医学专业人士阅读参考

    

     临床决策,可以更简单

     联用建议 一些研究发现,服用H2受体拮抗剂的患者血液中,酒精浓度可能会有一定程度的升高,酒精浓度的维持时间也可能更长,但其他研究报道未表现出明显的相互作用。

     正在接受H2受体拮抗剂治疗的患者饮酒,可能会加重自身的胃肠道疾病,H2受体拮抗剂可增强与酒精相关的低血糖。

     相关临床研究结果 西咪替丁

     一项在6名健康受试者中进行的双盲研究发现,西咪替丁300mg,每日4次,共7天,可使酒精0.8g/kg的血浆峰浓度增加约12%(从146mg增加到163mg),药时曲线下面积(AUC)增加约7%。 受试者评估服用西咪替丁+酒精时,比单独饮酒时更“醉”[1]。另一项相似的研究也发现,西咪替丁可使血液中的酒精水平升高17%(从73mg至86mg)[2][3]。而且,还有一项研究发现,西咪替丁几乎使血中酒精浓度峰值增加数倍[4]。 一项在6名健康受试者中进行的研究发现,西咪替丁400mg,每日两次,持续一周,可使单次口服0.15g/kg酒精的AUC加倍,并使酒精浓度峰值升高约33%。静脉给予酒精时没有变化[5]

     一项在健康受试者中进行的仅2天的西咪替丁进一步研究发现,血浆酒精峰值水平升高了17%,血液水平保持在80mg以上的时间(一些国家的酒驾标准)延长了约1/3[6]。 一项在6名受试者中给予0.75g/kg酒精的研究发现,单次给予800mg西咪替丁,45min时血液中酒精水平升高32%(从约76mg升高到100mg),120min时的AUC增加25%。每个受试者都说他们在服用西咪替丁后感觉更醉酒[7]。 在具有大量酒精首过代谢的受试者中,西咪替丁可使重复少量饮酒的血液水平升高,升高程度大于等效单次给药后的水平。达到的水平与精神运动障碍相关[8]。 相反,另一项研究发现,氯苯那敏(阻断H1受体)和西咪替丁联合用药可降低吸收速率和血液酒精峰值水平,并抑制酒精诱导的潮红[9]。 一项在10名健康受试者中进行的研究中,西咪替丁400mg,每日两次,给药7天前后,分别给予0.5g/kg酒精,结果发现,饮酒后的低血糖发生率升高[10]。 但也有许多使用不同剂量西咪替丁和不同类型酒精的研究发现,两者之间未发生相互作用[11-21]

     法莫替丁

     两项研究发现法莫替丁对血液中的酒精水平没有显著影响[4][7]。其他许多类似的研究,给予了受试者不同剂量的法莫替丁和不同类型的酒精,也没有发现相互作用[14-21]

     然而,一项在10名健康受试者中进行的研究发现,法莫替丁40mg,每日一次,并在给药前后给予0.5g/kg的酒精,持续7天,在饮酒后会发生明显的低血糖[10]

     尼扎替丁

     一项在给予0.75g/kg酒精的受试者中进行的研究发现,单次给予300mg尼扎替丁可使45min的血液酒精水平升高20%(从约76mg升高至90mg),120min的AUC增加20%[7]

     另一份报告简要提到尼扎替丁对酒精吸收的影响与西咪替丁相似[22],而另外两项研究没有发现尼扎替丁和酒精之间的相互作用[21][23]

     雷尼替丁

     一项在8名健康受试者中进行的安慰剂对照研究发现,每日服用雷尼替丁300mg,持续7天,并不影响酒精0.8g/kg的血浆峰值水平[2][3]

     然而,另一项研究发现,每日服用雷尼替丁150mg,持续8天,可使口服0.3g/kg酒精的峰值水平增加34%[4]

     一项在健康受试者中进行的进一步研究发现,仅服用雷尼替丁2天,血浆酒精峰值水平增加28%,血液水平保持在80mg以上的时间(一些国家的法定滴注限值)延长了约三分之一[6]。 一项在给予0.75g/kg酒精的受试者中进行的研究发现,单次给予300mg剂量的雷尼替丁可使45min的血液酒精水平升高6%(从约75mg升高至81mg),120min的AUC增加10%[7]。 雷尼替丁150mg,每日2次,持续7天,可在饮酒后显著增加血液中的酒精水平,并且在社交饮酒者(具有显著的首过代谢)中,以45min的间隔接受4次0.15g/kg的酒精饮料,这种高水平持续的时间更长[24]。 另一项研究简要提到,雷尼替丁对酒精吸收的影响与西咪替丁相似[22]。 一项在10名健康受试者中进行的研究发现,在服用雷尼替丁前和服用雷尼替丁后(150mg,每日2次,连续7天),给予0.5g/kg的酒精后,低血糖加重[10]。 与这些发现相反,许多研究使用不同剂量的雷尼替丁和不同类型的酒精,未发现相互作用[12-27]

     小结 上述的研究的结果对比清楚地表明,这种相互作用不是绝对的[32-38]。在模拟社交饮酒的条件下,有一些证据表明H2受体拮抗剂可能[10][24]或可能不会[20]增加与精神运动技能受损相关的血液-酒精水平。

     然而,到目前为止,还没有足够的理由证明,任何关于酒精和H2受体拮抗剂的一般警告是合理的。

     但使用H2受体拮抗剂期间有可能会因酒精加重患者自身的胃肠道疾病,也有可能使酒精浓度有一定程度的升高,酒精浓度的维持时间也可能更长。此外,H2受体拮抗剂还可能引起或增加与酒精相关的低血糖。 参考文献:

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     来源:医学界临床药学频道责编:徐李燕校对:臧恒佳制版:薛娇

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